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British Army officer , politician and colonial administrator ( 1734-1801 )
For his grandson , the diplomat , see Ralph Abercromby , 2nd Baron Dunfermline .
For his great-grandson , see Ralph Abercromby ( meteorologist ) .
For the public house in Manchester , see Sir Ralph Abercromby ( pub ) .
" Ralph Abercrombie " redirects here .
For the Australian public servant , see Ralph Abercrombie ( public servant ) .
For the New Zealand cricketer , see Ralph Abercrombie ( cricketer ) .
Sir Ralph Abercromby KB Sir Ralph Abercromby , by John Hoppner Born ( 1734-10-07)7 October 1734 Menstrie , Clackmannanshire Died 28 March 1801( 1801-03-28 ) ( aged 66 )
Alexandria , Ottoman Egypt Buried Fort Saint Elmo , Valletta 35°54′10″N 14°31′12″E / 35.90278°N 14.52000°E / 35.90278 ; 14.52000 Allegiance Kingdom of Great Britain United Kingdom
Branch British Army Years of service 1756-1801 Rank Lieutenant-General Battles / wars *
Seven Years ' War + West German Campaign o Battle of Warburg * French Revolutionary Wars + Flanders Campaign + West Indies Campaign + Fédon 's rebellion + Anglo-Spanish War o Battle of San Juan + Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland o Battle of Callantsoog o Battle of Krabbendam o Battle of Castricum + Irish Rebellion of 1798 + French campaign in Egypt and Syria o Battle of Aboukir o Battle of Mandora o Battle of Alexandria ( DOW ) Relations Alexander Abercromby , Lord Abercromby ( brother ) Sir Robert Abercromby ( brother )
Other work Member of Parliament Governor of Trinidad Lord Lieutenant of Clackmannanshire Lieutenant-General Sir Ralph Abercromby , KB ( 7 October 1734 - 28 March 1801 ) was a British Army officer , politician and colonial administrator who served as the governor of Trinidad in 1797 .
Rising to the rank of lieutenant general in the British army , he also served as the Commander-in-Chief , Ireland and was noted for his military service during the French Revolutionary Wars , which included defeating the French invasion of Egypt and Syria .
His strategies are ranked amongst the most daring and brilliant exploits of the British army .
Early life
Ralph Abercromby was born on 7 October 1734 at Menstrie Castle , Clackmannanshire .
He was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of George Abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the Abercromby family of Birkenbog , Aberdeenshire and Mary Dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of Ralph Dundas of Manour , Perthshire .
His younger brothers include the advocate Alexander Abercromby , Lord Abercromby and General Robert Abercromby .
The family had acquired Menstrie Castle in 1719 but their main family house was the nearby Tullibody House which they had built around 1700 .
Much of Ralph 's childhood was spent in the latter .
Abercromby 's education was begun by a private tutor , then continued at the school of Mr Moir in Alloa , then considered one of the best in Scotland despite its Jacobite leanings .
Ralph attended Rugby School from 12 June 1748 , where he remained until he was 18 .
Between 1752 and 1753 , he was a student at the University of Edinburgh .
There he studied moral and natural philosophy and civil law , and was regarded by his professors as sound rather than brilliant .
He completed his studies at Leipzig University in Germany from autumn 1754 , taking more detailed studies in civil law with a view to a career as an advocate .
Career 1852 portrait of Abercromby by Colvin Smith On returning from the continent , Abercromby expressed a strong preference for the military profession , and a cornet 's commission was accordingly obtained for him ( March 1756 ) in the 3rd Dragoon Guards .
He served with his regiment in the Seven Years ' War , and thus , the opportunity afforded him of studying the methods of Frederick the Great , which moulded his military character and formed his tactical ideas .
Abercromby rose through the intermediate grades to the rank of lieutenant-colonel of the regiment ( 1773 ) and brevet colonel in 1780 , and in 1781 , he became colonel of the newly raised King 's
Irish infantry .
When that regiment was disbanded in 1783 , he retired on half pay .
He also entered Parliament as MP for Clackmannanshire ( 1774-1780 ) .
In 1791 he commissioned a large townhouse at 66 Queen Street , Edinburgh .
Abercromby was a strong supporter of the American cause in the American Revolutionary War and chose to serve in Ireland , where British military regiments were stationed year-round to discourage rebellion , to prevent his being forced to fight in North America .
When France declared war against Great Britain in 1793 , Abercromby returned to active duty .
He was appointed commander of a brigade under the Duke of York for service in the Netherlands , where he commanded the advanced guard in the action at Le Cateau .
During the 1794 withdrawal to Holland , he commanded the allied forces in the action at Boxtel and was wounded directing operations at Fort St Andries on the Waal .
In 1795 he commissioned a townhouse at 66 Queen Street , Edinburgh .
In July 1795 , Abercromby was nominated by Secretary of State for War Henry Dundas to lead an expedition to the West Indies .
Under instructions from Dundas , Abercromby 's predecessor , Sir Adam Williamson , the lieutenant-governor of Jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the French colonists of Saint Domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists William Wilberforce and Thomas Clarkson .
That same month he had been made a Knight of the Bath and in August Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Wight - a reward for his services but also possibly an incentive to lead the army in the Caribbean .
The appointment of Abercromby as Commander-in-Chief of the Leeward and Windward Islands was officially announced on 5 August .
On 17 March 1796
Abercromby arrived in Carlisle Bay , Barbados on the Arethusa .
A third of the 6,000 troops that had arrived on the island before him had already been sent on to Saint Vincent and Grenada , leaving the general with 3,700 soldiers at his disposal .
Control of much of Saint Vincent had been lost to rebelling French planters and native Caribs since early 1795 , while Grenada was in the midst of an insurrection led by Julien Fédon .
The reinforcements to Grenada allowed General Nicolls to attack enemy posts south of Port Royal on 25 March , preventing further French reinforcements from Guadeloupe .
Three months later Abercromby arrived with further reinforcements and attacked Fédon 's camp on 19 June , routing the insurgents and ending the rebellion .
The British fleet sailed on 25 April 1796 for Saint Lucia , landing the following day and establishing a beachhead .
The French were soon repelled and retreated to the fort at Morne Fortune , which Abercromby decided to besiege .
The garrison under General Goyrand surrendered to the British army 26 May .
The island had been retaken at the cost of 566 men .
A force of around 4,000 was left to hold Saint Lucia under the command of Colonel John Moore before Abercromby left for Saint Vincent at the beginning of June .
Abercromby arrived on Saint Vincent 7 June with a force of just over 4,000 .
He marched his troops near to the insurgent base at Vigie Ridge and camped nearby as the British started to execute an encircling movement : Quartermaster General John Knox manoeuvred his men on the seaward side in order to prevent the enemy retreating north , and Lieutenant Colonel Dickens used the 34th Regiment as a diversion on the opposite side .
Knox was able to cut off communications with the Vigie , whilst Dickens ousted the nearby Caribs to complete the encirclement .
The black French commander , Marinier , signed terms of surrender on 11 June and the Caribs did 4 days later .
The British took around 200 prisoners , with another 200 escaping into the jungle .
Although some of the Caribs would remain in resistance until October , the rebellion had effectively been put down at the cost of 17 officers and 168 men killed or wounded .
In February 1797 , the General Abercromby launched the invasion of Trinidad .
His squadron sailed through the Bocas and anchored off the coast of Chaguaramas .
The Spanish Governor Chacón decided to capitulate without fighting .
Trinidad thus became a British crown colony , with a French-speaking population of Catholic faith and Spanish laws .
British rule was formalized under the Treaty of Amiens ( 1802 ) .
Afterwards , Abercromby secured possession of the settlements of Demerara and Essequibo in South America .
A major assault on the port of San Juan , Puerto Rico , in April 1797 failed after fierce fighting where both sides suffered heavy losses .
A medallion commemorating the British capture of Trinidad in 1797 A medallion commemorating Abercromby for his role in the capture of Trinidad Abercromby returned to Europe and , in reward for his services , was appointed colonel of the 2nd ( Royal North British )
Regiment of Dragoons .
He was also made Lieutenant-Governor of the Isle of Wight , Governor of Fort George and Fort Augustus in the Scottish Highlands , and promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-general .
He again entered Parliament as the member for Clackmannanshire from 1796 to 1798 .
In 1798 , Abercromby was made Commander-in-Chief of the forces in Ireland , then in rebellion and anticipating French intervention .
He took the unusual step of publicly criticising the command of his predecessor , The 2nd Earl of Carhampton , for bequeathing an army " in a state of licentiousness , which must render it formidable to everyone but the enemy " .
To quote the biographic entry in the 1888 Encyclopædia Britannica , " e laboured to maintain the discipline of the army , to suppress the rising rebellion , and to protect the people from military oppression , with the care worthy of a great general and an enlightened and beneficent statesman .
When he was appointed to the command in Ireland , an invasion of that country by the French was confidently anticipated by the British government .
He used his utmost efforts to restore the discipline of an army that was utterly disorganized ; and , as a first step , he anxiously endeavoured to protect the people by re-establishing the supremacy of the civil power , and not allowing the military to be called out , except when it was indispensably necessary for the enforcement of the law and the maintenance of order .
Finding that ( he ) received no adequate support from the head of the Irish government and that all his efforts were opposed and thwarted by those who presided in the councils of Ireland , he resigned the command .
His departure from Ireland was deeply lamented by the reflecting portion of the people , and was speedily followed by those disastrous results which he had anticipated , and which he so ardently desired and had so wisely endeavoured to prevent . "
Abercromby was replaced in Ireland by Gerrard Lake who favoured an aggressive approach in putting down the rebellion , as opposed to Abercromby 's attempts at conciliation .
After holding for a short period the office of commander-in-chief in Scotland , Abercromby was again called to command under the Duke of York in the 1799 Anglo-Russian expedition against the Napoleonic Dutch Republic .
Abercromby conducted a textbook amphibious landing at Callantsoog establishing a beachhead and driving the Franco-Dutch army inland at Krabbendam .
The high watermark of British success came when a squadron of the Dutch fleet then surrendered and the Anglo-Russian army advanced through North Holland capturing the cities of Hoorn , Enkhuizen and Medemblik .
However , with the Duke of York now in overall command Anglo-Russian fortunes turned sour following the reverse at Castricum .
The expected Orangist uprising in the North Holland peninsula never materialized and allies withdrew to their original positions .
The expedition ended with the signing of the Convention of Alkmaar in which the Anglo-Russian force was allowed to withdraw .
General Abercromby reviewing battle plans , by John Downman
After spending time with Dundas over Christmas , Abercromby was summoned to London 21 January 1800 .
The Portuguese , concerned that they were under threat from Spain , requested British support and wanted Abercromby to lead their army .
However , Abercromby refused to serve under a foreign ruler and would only take command of a joint army .
Before he could leave for Portugal to inspect their defences and army , the resignation of General Charles Stuart in the Mediterranean in April led to a change of plans .
The Austrian plan was that Abercromby could create a distraction from the activities of General Michael von Melas in North Italy by landing at various points on the Italian coast .
Abercromby received instruction from London to send 2,500-3,000 men to take French-occupied Malta .
Thereafter , he was to receive a further 6,000 men to assist the Austrians .
General Charles O'Hara in Gibraltar was pleased with the appointment , for while Stuart had been hot-tempered and difficult to work with , Abercromby was " a reasonable , considerate good soldier , and listens with temper and patience to every proposal made to him " .
However , delays caused by the weather meant that the situation in Italy had changed drastically by the time that Abercromby reached Minorca 22 June .
In 1801 , Abercromby was sent with an army to recover Egypt from France .
His experience in the Netherlands and the West Indies particularly fitted him for this new command , as was proved when he carried his army in health , in spirits , and with the requisite supplies to the destined scene of action despite great difficulties .
The debarkation of the troops at Aboukir , in the face of strenuous opposition , is justly ranked among the most daring and brilliant exploits of the British army .
Battle of Alexandria , 1801 Main article : Battle of Alexandria ( 1801 ) The Battle of Alexandria , 21 March 1801 by Philip James de Loutherbourg .
Abercromby sits mortally wounded in the painting 's centre .
Abercromby commanded the expedition to the Mediterranean in 1800 , and after successfully landing the army at Aboukir and driving the French inland , defeated an attempted French counter-attack at Alexandria , 21 March 1801 .
Jacques-François
Menou had arrived from Cairo and was determined to defeat the British advance .
On 20 March , the British forces extended across the isthmus , the right wing resting upon the ruins of Nicopolis and the sea , the left on the lake of Abukir .
The line faced generally south-west towards the city , the reserve division under Major-General Sir John Moore .
Abercromby anticipated a night attack , so the British slept in position under arms .
At 3:30 a.m .
French forces attacked and drove in the British outposts .
Moving forward rapidly with great gallantry from the left , Lanusse launched the attack with Valentin 's brigade in column along the seashore , and to their right Silly 's brigade against the British entrenchments around the roman ruins .
The brunt of the attack fell upon Moore 's command , and in particular upon the 28th ( North Gloucestershire )
Regiment of Foot .
The British repulsed this first assault , during which both Silly and Lanusse were hit .
“ General Lanusse saw that General Valentin had left the seashore , and was within the re-entering angle of the redoubt and the Roman camp , where the cross fire of the enemy held him back .
General Lanusse marched to this spot , encouraged the men , and made them advance .
The worthy general was hit in the thigh by a ball from a gun-boat ; four grenadiers tried to carry him off , but a second ball killed two of these brave fellows ” .
Soon Rampon 's command in the centre was engaged , and despite disorientation in the dark , penetrated between the front and rear wing of the 42nd Regiment of Foot .
A confused fight ensued in the ruins , in which the French troops were all either killed or captured with the 42nd taking their colour .
Other British regiments engaged were the 23rd Regiment of Foot , 40th ( the 2nd Somersetshire )
Regiment of Foot and 58th ( Rutlandshire )
Regiment of Foot , together with Stuart 's Minorca Regiment .
The front and rear ranks of the 28th Foot were simultaneously engaged to both their front and rear .
During the attack of Roize 's second line , Abercromby was briefly captured by French dragoons , but quickly rescued by a highlander of the 42nd .
About this time he received a bullet wound to the thigh which would eventually prove fatal , though he remained on the field and in command to the end .
Rampon 's renewed infantry attack on the centre was repulsed by the Guards brigade , supported by Coote 's brigade , and the left wing maintained its position with ease , but the French cavalry for the second time came to close quarters with the reserve .
The 42nd , twice charged by cavalry , had but 13 men wounded by the sabre .
Part of the French losses were caused by the gunboats which lay close inshore and cannonaded the left flank of the French columns , and by a heavy naval gun which was placed in battery near the position of 28 March .
The battle was won and was a great victory , with Menou forced to retreat to the city of Alexandria .
On 17 August , British forces laid siege to Alexandria and later captured the city which effectively ended French control of Egypt and Syria .
Death Death of Sir Ralph Abercromby at the Battle of Alexandria by Thomas Stothard Abercromby is buried in St .
John 's Bastion within Fort Saint Elmo , Valletta , Malta .
It is also known as Abercrombie 's Bastion in his honour .
During the action of the battle Abercromby was struck by a musket-ball in the thigh ; but not until the battle had been won and he saw the enemy retreating did he allow himself to be relieved of command so he could receive medical aid .
He was eventually borne from the field in a hammock , cheered by the blessings of the soldiers as he passed , and conveyed on board the flag-ship HMS Foudroyant which was moored in the harbour .
The ball could not be extracted ; mortification ensued , and seven days later , on 28 March 1801 , he died .
Abercromby 's old friend and commander , the Duke of York , paid tribute to Abercromby 's memory in general orders : " His steady observance of discipline , his ever-watchful attention to the health and wants of his troops , the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career , the splendour of his actions in the field and the heroism of his death , are worthy the imitation of all who desire , like him , a life of heroism and a death of glory . "
— Prince Frederick , Duke of York on Abercromby
He was buried on St John 's Bastion within Fort Saint Elmo in Valletta , Malta .
The British military renamed it Abercrombie 's Bastion in his honour .
The adjacent curtain wall linking this bastion to the fortifications of Valletta , originally called Santa Ubaldesca Curtain , was also renamed Abercrombie 's Curtain .
Recognition
Monument at St Paul 's Cathedral
By a vote of the House of Commons , a monument was erected in Abercromby 's honour in St Paul 's Cathedral in London .
His widow was created Baroness Abercromby of Tullibody and Aboukir Bay , and a pension of £2,000 a year was settled on her and her two successors in the title .
Abercromby Place in Edinburgh 's New Town and Abercromby Square in Liverpool are named in his honour .
Family On 17 November 1767 , Abercromby married Mary Anne , daughter of John Menzies and Ann , daughter of Patrick Campbell .
They had seven children .
Of four sons , all four entered Parliament , and two saw military service .
* Hon .
Anne Abercromby ( born 21 September 1768 and died October 1832 ) married Donald Cameron , 22nd Chief of Clan Cameron .
They had two sons , and two daughters .
* Hon .
Mary Abercromby ( born 19 August 1773 and died 26 April 1825 ) * Hon .
Catherine Abercromby ( born 4 December 1780 and died 1841 ) , married on 31 December 1811 to Thomas Buchanan of Powis ( d. 1842 )
Superintendent of Marines at Bombay .
They had one son . * George Abercromby , 2nd Baron Abercromby ( 1770-1843 ) * General Hon .
Sir John Abercromby ( 1772-1817 ) * James Abercromby , 1st Baron Dunfermline ( 1776-1858 ) * Lt.-Col .
Hon .
Alexander Abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) CAPTION : Coat of arms of Ralph Abercromby Notes Supporters granted 30 January 1798 Crest A bee volant proper Escutcheon Argent a chevron indented Gules between three boars ’ heads erased Azure armed Or and langued Sable in the middle chief point a crescent Vert .
Supporters
On either side , a greyhound per fess Argent and Or collar and line Gules charged on the shoulder with a thistle proper .
Motto Vive Ut Vivas Popular culture Numerous works have been written about Abercromby .
A public house in central Manchester , the " Sir Ralph Abercromby " , is named after him .
There is also a primary school and pub in Tullibody .
There is also another ' General Abercrombie ' pub with his portrait by John Hoppner as the sign off of the Blackfriars Bridge Road in London .
Three ships have been named HMS Abercrombie after the general but using the variant spelling of his name .
The ballad song " The Banks of the Nile " , perhaps most notably recorded by Sandy
Denny and Fotheringay , refers to Sir Ralph Abercrombie 's campaign in Egypt .
Further reading *
Some public monuments of Valletta 1800-1955


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british army [HUMAN GROUP] officer [PERSON] , politician [PERSON] and colonial administrator [PERSON] ( 1734-1801 ) for his grandson [PERSON] , the diplomat [PERSON] , see ralph abercromby [PERSON] , 2nd baron dunfermline [UNKNOWN] . for his great-grandson , see ralph abercromby [PERSON] ( meteorologist [SOFTWARE] ) . for the public house [PLACE] in manchester [PLACE] , see sir ralph abercromby [PERSON] [PERSON] ( pub [PART] ) . " ralph abercrombie [PERSON] " redirects here . for the australian public servant [PERSON] , see ralph abercrombie [PERSON] ( public servant [PERSON] ) . for the new zealand cricketer [PERSON] , see ralph abercrombie [PERSON] ( cricketer [PERSON] ) . sir ralph abercromby [PERSON] kb sir ralph abercromby [PERSON] [PERSON] , by john hoppner born [PERSON] ( 1734-10-07)7 october [PERIOD] 1734 menstrie , clackmannanshire [PLACE] died 28 march [PERIOD] 1801( 1801-03-28 ) ( aged 66 ) alexandria [PLACE] , ottoman egypt [PLACE] buried fort saint elmo [PERSON] , valletta [PLACE] 35°54′10″n 14°31′12″e / 35.90278°n 14.52000°e / 35.90278 ; 14.52000 allegiance kingdom [PLACE] of great britain [PLACE] united kingdom branch british army [HUMAN GROUP] years [PERIOD] of service [INSTITUTION] 1756-1801 rank [RANK] lieutenant-general battles / wars [EVENT] * seven years [PERIOD] ' war [EVENT] + west german campaign [OCCURRENCE] o battle [PERSON] of warburg [PERSON] * french revolutionary wars [EVENT] + flanders campaign [OCCURRENCE] + west indies campaign [OCCURRENCE] + fédon [UNKNOWN] 's rebellion [FORCE] + anglo-spanish war [EVENT] o battle [PERSON] of san juan [PLACE] + anglo-russian invasion [FORCE] of holland [PERSON] o battle [PERSON] of callantsoog [UNKNOWN] o battle [PERSON] of krabbendam [UNKNOWN] o battle [PERSON] of castricum [UNKNOWN] + irish rebellion [FORCE] of 1798 + french [PLACE] campaign [OCCURRENCE] in egypt [PLACE] and syria [PLACE] o battle [PERSON] of aboukir [PLACE] o battle [PERSON] of mandora [UNKNOWN] o battle [PERSON] of alexandria [PLACE] ( dow [PERSON] ) relations alexander abercromby [PERSON] [PERSON] , lord abercromby [PERSON] ( brother [PERSON] ) sir robert abercromby [PERSON] ( brother [PERSON] ) other work member [PERSON] of parliament governor [PERSON] of trinidad lord lieutenant [PERSON] of clackmannanshire [PLACE] lieutenant-general sir ralph abercromby [PERSON] [PERSON] , kb ( 7 october [PERIOD] 1734 - 28 march [PERIOD] 1801 ) was a british army [HUMAN GROUP] officer [PERSON] , politician [PERSON] and colonial administrator [PERSON] who served as the governor [PERSON] of trinidad [PLACE] in 1797 . rising to the rank [RANK] of lieutenant general [PERSON] in the british army [HUMAN GROUP] , he also served as the commander-in-chief , ireland [PLACE] and was noted for his military [UNKNOWN] service [INSTITUTION] during the french revolutionary wars [EVENT] , which included defeating the french [PLACE] invasion [FORCE] of egypt [PLACE] and syria [PLACE] . his strategies [STRATEGY] are ranked amongst the most daring and brilliant [PERSON] exploits [ACTION] of the british army [HUMAN GROUP] . early life [EVENT] ralph abercromby [PERSON] was born on 7 october [PERIOD] 1734 at menstrie castle [PERSON] , clackmannanshire [PLACE] . he was the second ( but eldest surviving [ACTIVITY] ) son [PERSON] of george abercromby [PERSON] ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer [PERSON] and descendant [RESULT] of the abercromby family [HUMAN GROUP] of birkenbog [UNKNOWN] , aberdeenshire [PLACE] and mary dundas [PERSON] ( died 1767 ) , daughter [PERSON] of ralph dundas [PERSON] of manour [UNKNOWN] , perthshire [PLACE] . his younger brothers [PERSON] include the advocate [PERSON] alexander abercromby [PERSON] , lord abercromby [PERSON] and general robert abercromby [PERSON] . the family [HUMAN GROUP] had acquired menstrie castle [PERSON] in 1719 but their main family house [PLACE] was the nearby tullibody house [PLACE] which they had built around 1700 . much of ralph [PERSON] 's childhood [PROPERTY] was spent in the latter [UNKNOWN] . abercromby [PERSON] 's education [PROCESS] was begun by a private tutor [INSTITUTION] , then continued at the school [INSTITUTION] of mr moir [PERSON] in alloa [PERSON] , then considered one of the best in scotland [PLACE] despite its jacobite leanings [UNKNOWN] . ralph [PERSON] attended rugby school [INSTITUTION] from 12 june [PERIOD] 1748 , where he remained until he was 18 . between 1752 and 1753 , he was a student [PERSON] at the university [INSTITUTION] of edinburgh [INSTITUTION] . there he studied moral and natural philosophy [DISCIPLINE] and civil law [PERSON] , and was regarded by his professors [UNKNOWN] as sound [SOUND] rather than brilliant [PERSON] . he completed his studies [STUDY] at leipzig university [INSTITUTION] in germany [PLACE] from autumn [PERSON] 1754 , taking more detailed studies [STUDY] in civil law [PERSON] with a view [PERSON] to a career [NUMBER] as an advocate [PERSON] . career [NUMBER] 1852 portrait [PERSON] of abercromby [PERSON] by colvin smith on [PERSON] returning from the continent [PLACE] , abercromby [PERSON] expressed a strong preference [CONDITION] for the military [UNKNOWN] profession [ACTIVITY] , and a cornet [UNIT] 's commission [INSTANCE] was accordingly obtained for him ( march [PERIOD] 1756 ) in the 3rd dragoon guards [PERSON] . he served with his regiment [HUMAN GROUP] in the seven years [PERIOD] ' war [EVENT] , and thus , the opportunity [OPPORTUNITY] afforded him of studying the methods [SET] of frederick [PERSON] the great [UNKNOWN] , which moulded his military [UNKNOWN] character [FORCE] and formed his tactical ideas [ACT] . abercromby [PERSON] rose through the intermediate grades [UNKNOWN] to the rank [RANK] of lieutenant-colonel of the regiment [HUMAN GROUP] ( 1773 ) and brevet colonel [PERSON] in 1780 , and in 1781 , he became colonel [PERSON] of the newly raised king [PERSON] 's irish infantry [UNIT] . when that regiment [HUMAN GROUP] was disbanded in 1783 , he retired on half pay [PLACE] . he also entered parliament [HUMAN GROUP] as mp for clackmannanshire [PLACE] ( 1774-1780 ) . in 1791 he commissioned a large townhouse [BUILDING] at 66 queen street [PLACE] , edinburgh [INSTITUTION] . abercromby [PERSON] was a strong supporter [PERSON] of the american [PLACE] cause in the american revolutionary war [EVENT] and chose to serve in ireland [PLACE] , where british military [UNKNOWN] regiments [UNIT] were stationed year-round to discourage rebellion [FORCE] , to prevent his being forced to fight [MATERIAL] in north america [PLACE] . when france [PLACE] declared war [EVENT] against great britain [PLACE] in 1793 , abercromby [PERSON] returned to active duty [MONEY] . he was appointed commander [PERSON] of a brigade [FORCE] under the duke [PERSON] of york [PLACE] for service [INSTITUTION] in the netherlands [PLACE] , where he commanded the advanced guard [NUMBER] in the action [ACTION] at le cateau [PERSON] . during the 1794 withdrawal [PROCESS] to holland [PERSON] , he commanded the allied forces [FORCE] in the action [ACTION] at boxtel [PERSON] and was wounded directing operations [FORCE] at fort st andries [PERSON] on the waal [UNKNOWN] . in 1795 he commissioned a townhouse [BUILDING] at 66 queen street [PLACE] , edinburgh [INSTITUTION] . in july [PERIOD] 1795 , abercromby [PERSON] was nominated by secretary [PERSON] of state [STATE] for war henry dundas [PERSON] to lead an expedition [FORCE] to the west indies [PLACE] . under instructions [COMMAND] from dundas [PERSON] , abercromby [PERSON] 's predecessor [GROUP] , sir adam williamson [PERSON] , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica [PLACE] , had signed an agreement [AGREEMENT] with representatives [EVENT] of the french [PLACE] colonists [PART] of saint domingue [PERSON] that promised to restore the ancien regime [SITUATION] , slavery [UNIT] and discrimination [ABILITY] against mixed-race colonists [PART] , a move [PERMISSION] that drew criticism [ACT] from abolitionists william wilberforce [PERSON] and thomas clarkson [PERSON] . that same month [PERIOD] he had been made a knight [PERSON] of the bath [PLACE] and in august lieutenant governor [PERSON] [PERSON] of the isle [PLACE] of wight [EVENT] - a reward [ACTION] for his services [ACTIVITY] but also possibly an incentive [RESOURCE] to lead the army [HUMAN GROUP] in the caribbean [PERSON] . the appointment [DECISION] of abercromby [PERSON] as commander-in-chief of the leeward [PERSON] and windward islands [PLACE] was officially announced on 5 august [PERIOD] . on 17 march [PERIOD] 1796 abercromby [PERSON] arrived in carlisle bay [PERSON] , barbados [PLACE] on the arethusa [PERSON] . a third [RESULT] of the 6,000 troops [HUMAN GROUP] that had arrived on the island [PLACE] before him had already been sent on to saint vincent [PERSON] and grenada [PLACE] , leaving the general [PERSON] with 3,700 soldiers [UNKNOWN] at his disposal [PERSON] . control [STATE] of much of saint vincent [PERSON] had been lost to rebelling french [PLACE] planters [MACHINE] and native caribs [UNKNOWN] since early 1795 , while grenada [PLACE] was in the midst [PLACE] of an insurrection [ACTION] led by julien fédon [UNKNOWN] . the reinforcements [PERMISSION] to grenada [PLACE] allowed general nicolls [PERSON] to attack [EVENT] enemy posts [SEQUENCE] south of port royal [PERSON] on 25 march [PERIOD] , preventing further french [PLACE] reinforcements [PERMISSION] from guadeloupe [PERSON] . three months [PERIOD] later abercromby [PERSON] arrived with further reinforcements [PERMISSION] and attacked fédon [UNKNOWN] 's camp [PERSON] on 19 june [PERIOD] , routing the insurgents [PERSON] and ending the rebellion [FORCE] . the british fleet [PERSON] sailed on 25 april [PERIOD] 1796 for saint lucia [PERSON] , landing the following day [PERIOD] and establishing a beachhead [ABSTRACT ENTITY] . the french [PLACE] were soon repelled and retreated to the fort [PERSON] at morne fortune [PERSON] , which abercromby [PERSON] decided to besiege . the garrison [PERSON] under general goyrand [UNKNOWN] surrendered to the british army [HUMAN GROUP] 26 may . the island [PLACE] had been retaken at the cost [EVENT] of 566 men [PERSON] . a force [FORCE] of around 4,000 was left [PERSON] to hold saint lucia [PERSON] under the command [COMMAND] of colonel john [PERSON] moore [PERSON] before abercromby left [PERSON] for saint vincent [PERSON] at the beginning [PORTION] of june [PERIOD] . abercromby [PERSON] arrived on saint vincent [PERSON] 7 june [PERIOD] with a force [FORCE] of just over 4,000 . he marched his troops [HUMAN GROUP] near to the insurgent base [PERSON] at vigie ridge [PERSON] and camped nearby as the british [UNKNOWN] started to execute an encircling movement [HUMAN GROUP] : quartermaster general [PERSON] john [PERSON] knox [PERSON] manoeuvred his men [PERSON] on the seaward side [PLACE] in order [GARMENT] to prevent the enemy [PERSON] retreating north , and lieutenant colonel [PERSON] dickens [PERSON] used the 34th regiment [HUMAN GROUP] as a diversion [SEQUENCE] on the opposite side [PLACE] . knox [PERSON] was able to cut off communications [UNKNOWN] with the vigie [UNKNOWN] , whilst dickens [PERSON] ousted the nearby caribs [UNKNOWN] to complete the encirclement [ACT] . the black french [PLACE] commander [PERSON] , marinier [PERSON] , signed terms [TERM] of surrender [ACT] on 11 june [PERIOD] and the caribs [UNKNOWN] did 4 days [PERIOD] later . the british [UNKNOWN] took around 200 prisoners [PERSON] , with another 200 escaping into the jungle [PLACE] . although some of the caribs [UNKNOWN] would remain in resistance [PERSON] until october [PERIOD] , the rebellion [FORCE] had effectively been put down at the cost [EVENT] of 17 officers [PERSON] and 168 men [PERSON] killed or wounded . in february [PERIOD] 1797 , the general abercromby [PERSON] launched the invasion [FORCE] of trinidad [PLACE] . his squadron [BODY] sailed through the bocas [PLACE] and anchored off the coast [EVENT] of chaguaramas [UNKNOWN] . the spanish governor [PERSON] chacón [PLACE] decided to capitulate without fighting . trinidad [PLACE] thus became a british [UNKNOWN] crown colony [SEQUENCE] , with a french-speaking population [PERSON] of catholic [PERSON] faith and spanish laws [ACT] . british [UNKNOWN] rule [RULE] was formalized under the treaty [ARTIFACT] of amiens [PLACE] ( 1802 ) . afterwards , abercromby [PERSON] secured possession [PERSON] of the settlements [GROUP] of demerara [UNKNOWN] and essequibo [PLACE] in south america [PLACE] . a major assault [UNKNOWN] on the port [PLACE] of san juan [PLACE] , puerto rico [PLACE] , in april [PERIOD] 1797 failed after fierce [PERSON] fighting where both sides [ENTITY] suffered heavy losses [ACT] . a medallion [EVENT] commemorating the british [UNKNOWN] capture [EVENT] of trinidad [PLACE] in 1797 a medallion [EVENT] commemorating abercromby [PERSON] for his role [ROLE] in the capture [EVENT] of trinidad abercromby [PERSON] returned to europe [PLACE] and , in reward [ACTION] for his services [ACTIVITY] , was appointed colonel [PERSON] of the 2nd ( royal north british [UNKNOWN] ) regiment [HUMAN GROUP] of dragoons [FORCE] . he was also made lieutenant-governor of the isle [PLACE] of wight [EVENT] , governor [PERSON] of fort george [PERSON] and fort augustus [PERSON] in the scottish highlands [PLACE] , and promoted to the rank [RANK] of lieutenant-general . he again entered parliament [HUMAN GROUP] as the member [PERSON] for clackmannanshire [PLACE] from 1796 to 1798 . in 1798 , abercromby [PERSON] was made commander-in-chief of the forces [FORCE] in ireland [PLACE] , then in rebellion [FORCE] and anticipating french [PLACE] intervention [ACTION] . he took the unusual step [POWER] of publicly criticising the command [COMMAND] of his predecessor [GROUP] , the 2nd earl [PERSON] of carhampton [UNKNOWN] , for bequeathing an army [HUMAN GROUP] " in a state [STATE] of licentiousness [PROPERTY] , which must render it formidable to everyone [UNKNOWN] but the enemy [PERSON] " . to quote the biographic entry [PERSON] in the 1888 encyclopædia britannica [PERSON] , " e laboured to maintain the discipline [DISCIPLINE] of the army [HUMAN GROUP] , to suppress the rising rebellion [FORCE] , and to protect the people [HUMAN GROUP] from military [UNKNOWN] oppression [EVENT] , with the care worthy [PERSON] of a great [UNKNOWN] general [PERSON] and an enlightened and beneficent statesman [PERSON] . when he was appointed to the command [COMMAND] in ireland [PLACE] , an invasion [FORCE] of that country [PLACE] by the french [PLACE] was confidently anticipated by the british government [GOVERNMENT] . he used his utmost efforts [ACTION] to restore the discipline [DISCIPLINE] of an army [HUMAN GROUP] that was utterly disorganized ; and , as a first step [POWER] , he anxiously endeavoured to protect the people [HUMAN GROUP] by re-establishing the supremacy [PERSON] of the civil power [POWER] , and not allowing the military [UNKNOWN] to be called out , except when it was indispensably necessary for the enforcement [EVENT] of the law [PERSON] and the maintenance [PERSON] of order [GARMENT] . finding that ( he ) received no adequate support [POSITION] from the head [HEAD] of the irish government [GOVERNMENT] and that all his efforts [ACTION] were opposed and thwarted by those who presided in the councils [BODY] of ireland [PLACE] , he resigned the command [COMMAND] . his departure [EVENT] from ireland [PLACE] was deeply lamented by the reflecting portion [PORTION] of the people [HUMAN GROUP] , and was speedily followed by those disastrous results [RESULT] which he had anticipated , and which he so ardently desired and had so wisely endeavoured to prevent . " abercromby [PERSON] was replaced in ireland [PLACE] by gerrard lake [PERSON] who favoured an aggressive approach [OPPORTUNITY] in putting down the rebellion [FORCE] , as opposed to abercromby [PERSON] 's attempts [ACTION] at conciliation [PROCESS] . after holding for a short period [PERIOD] the office [PLACE] of commander-in-chief in scotland [PLACE] , abercromby [PERSON] was again called to command [COMMAND] under the duke [PERSON] of york [PLACE] in the 1799 anglo-russian expedition [FORCE] against the napoleonic dutch republic [PLACE] . abercromby [PERSON] conducted a textbook [COMMAND] amphibious landing at callantsoog [UNKNOWN] establishing a beachhead [ABSTRACT ENTITY] and driving the franco-dutch army [HUMAN GROUP] inland [PERSON] at krabbendam [UNKNOWN] . the high watermark [SOFTWARE] of british success [ACT] came when a squadron [BODY] of the dutch fleet [PERSON] then surrendered and the anglo-russian army [HUMAN GROUP] advanced through north holland [PERSON] capturing the cities [UNKNOWN] of hoorn [PLACE] , enkhuizen [UNKNOWN] and medemblik [UNKNOWN] . however , with the duke [PERSON] of york [PLACE] now in overall command [COMMAND] anglo-russian fortunes turned sour following the reverse [PORTION] at castricum [UNKNOWN] . the expected orangist uprising [ACT] in the north holland [PERSON] peninsula [PLACE] never materialized and allies [ABSTRACT ENTITY] withdrew to their original positions [POSITION] . the expedition [FORCE] ended with the signing [PERSON] of the convention [ARTIFACT] of alkmaar [PLACE] in which the anglo-russian force [FORCE] was allowed to withdraw . general abercromby [PERSON] reviewing battle plans [PLAN] , by john downman [PERSON] after spending time [PERIOD] with dundas [PERSON] over christmas [PLACE] , abercromby [PERSON] was summoned to london [PLACE] 21 january 1800 . the portuguese [UNKNOWN] , concerned that they were under threat [PERSON] from spain [PLACE] , requested british support [POSITION] and wanted abercromby [PERSON] to lead their army [HUMAN GROUP] . however , abercromby [PERSON] refused to serve under a foreign ruler [PLACE] and would only take command [COMMAND] of a joint army [HUMAN GROUP] . before he could leave for portugal [PLACE] to inspect their defences [ACTION] and army [HUMAN GROUP] , the resignation [ACT] of general charles stuart [PERSON] in the mediterranean [UNKNOWN] in april [PERIOD] led to a change [UNKNOWN] of plans [PLAN] . the austrian [PERSON] plan was that abercromby [PERSON] could create a distraction [DEFICIENCY] from the activities [ACTIVITY] of general michael von melas [PERSON] in north italy [PLACE] by landing at various points [UNKNOWN] on the italian coast [EVENT] . abercromby [PERSON] received instruction [COMMAND] from london [PLACE] to send 2,500-3,000 men [PERSON] to take french-occupied malta [PLACE] . thereafter , he was to receive a further 6,000 men [PERSON] to assist the austrians [UNKNOWN] . general charles o'hara [PERSON] in gibraltar [PLACE] was pleased with the appointment [DECISION] , for while stuart [PERSON] had been hot-tempered and difficult to work with , abercromby [PERSON] was " a reasonable [UNKNOWN] , considerate good soldier [UNKNOWN] , and listens [INSTANCE] with temper [UNKNOWN] and patience [EVENT] to every proposal [ABSTRACT ENTITY] made to him " . however , delays [UNKNOWN] caused by the weather [NUMBER] meant that the situation [SITUATION] in italy [PLACE] had changed drastically by the time [PERIOD] that abercromby [PERSON] reached minorca 22 june [PERIOD] . in 1801 , abercromby [PERSON] was sent with an army [HUMAN GROUP] to recover egypt [PLACE] from france [PLACE] . his experience [COGNITIVE STATE] in the netherlands [PLACE] and the west indies [PLACE] particularly fitted him for this new command [COMMAND] , as was proved when he carried his army [HUMAN GROUP] in health [PROPERTY] , in spirits [STATE] , and with the requisite supplies [AMOUNT] to the destined scene [UNKNOWN] of action [ACTION] despite great [UNKNOWN] difficulties [STATEMENT] . the debarkation [UNKNOWN] of the troops [HUMAN GROUP] at aboukir [PLACE] , in the face [PORTION] of strenuous opposition [PERSON] , is justly ranked among the most daring and brilliant [PERSON] exploits [ACTION] of the british army [HUMAN GROUP] . battle [PERSON] of alexandria [PLACE] , 1801 main article [ARTICLE] : battle [PERSON] of alexandria [PLACE] ( 1801 ) the battle [PERSON] of alexandria [PLACE] , 21 march [PERIOD] 1801 by philip james de loutherbourg [PERSON] . abercromby [PERSON] sits [EVENT] mortally wounded in the painting [ACTION] 's centre [UNKNOWN] . abercromby [PERSON] commanded the expedition [FORCE] to the mediterranean [UNKNOWN] in 1800 , and after successfully landing the army [HUMAN GROUP] at aboukir [PLACE] and driving the french [PLACE] inland [PERSON] , defeated an attempted french [PLACE] counter-attack at alexandria [PLACE] , 21 march [PERIOD] 1801 . jacques-françois menou [PERSON] had arrived from cairo [PLACE] and was determined to defeat the british [UNKNOWN] advance [EVENT] . on 20 march [PERIOD] , the british forces [FORCE] extended across the isthmus [PERSON] , the right wing [PERSON] resting upon the ruins [CONDITION] of nicopolis [UNKNOWN] and the sea [PLACE] , the left [PERSON] on the lake [PERSON] of abukir [PLACE] . the line [PERSON] faced generally south-west towards the city [PLACE] , the reserve division [PROCESS] under major-general sir john [PERSON] moore [PERSON] . abercromby [PERSON] anticipated a night attack [EVENT] , so the british [UNKNOWN] slept in position [POSITION] under arms [PERSON] . at 3:30 a.m [UNKNOWN] . french [PLACE] forces [FORCE] attacked and drove in the british outposts [FORCE] . moving forward rapidly with great [UNKNOWN] gallantry [PERSON] from the left [PERSON] , lanusse [PERSON] launched the attack [EVENT] with valentin [UNKNOWN] 's brigade [FORCE] in column [BODY] along the seashore [LAND] , and to their right silly [PERSON] 's brigade [FORCE] against the british entrenchments [PROCESS] around the roman ruins [CONDITION] . the brunt [ENTITY] of the attack [EVENT] fell upon moore [PERSON] 's command [COMMAND] , and in particular upon the 28th ( north gloucestershire [PLACE] ) regiment [HUMAN GROUP] of foot [FOOT] . the british [UNKNOWN] repulsed this first assault [UNKNOWN] , during which both silly [PERSON] and lanusse [PERSON] were hit . “ general lanusse [PERSON] saw that general valentin [UNKNOWN] had left [PERSON] the seashore [LAND] , and was within the re-entering angle [PERSON] of the redoubt [STATE] and the roman camp [PERSON] , where the cross fire [FIRE] of the enemy [PERSON] held him back . general lanusse [PERSON] marched to this spot [PERSON] , encouraged the men [PERSON] , and made them advance [EVENT] . the worthy general [PERSON] was hit in the thigh [PERSON] by a ball [BALL] from a gun-boat ; four grenadiers [UNKNOWN] tried to carry him off , but a second ball [BALL] killed two of these brave fellows [PERSON] ” . soon rampon [UNKNOWN] 's command [COMMAND] in the centre [UNKNOWN] was engaged , and despite disorientation [RESULT] in the dark [STATE] , penetrated between the front [RANK] and rear wing [PERSON] of the 42nd regiment [HUMAN GROUP] of foot [FOOT] . a confused fight [MATERIAL] ensued in the ruins [CONDITION] , in which the french [PLACE] troops [HUMAN GROUP] were all either killed or captured with the 42nd taking their colour [COLOUR] . other british regiments [UNIT] engaged were the 23rd regiment [HUMAN GROUP] of foot [FOOT] , 40th ( the 2nd somersetshire [PLACE] ) regiment [HUMAN GROUP] of foot [FOOT] and 58th ( rutlandshire [PLACE] ) regiment [HUMAN GROUP] of foot [FOOT] , together with stuart [PERSON] 's minorca regiment [HUMAN GROUP] . the front [RANK] and rear ranks [RANK] of the 28th foot [FOOT] were simultaneously engaged to both their front [RANK] and rear . during the attack [EVENT] of roize [UNKNOWN] 's second line [PERSON] , abercromby [PERSON] was briefly captured by french [PLACE] dragoons [FORCE] , but quickly rescued by a highlander [PERSON] of the 42nd . about this time [PERIOD] he received a bullet wound [ACT] to the thigh [PERSON] which would eventually prove fatal , though he remained on the field [BALL] and in command [COMMAND] to the end [UNKNOWN] . rampon [UNKNOWN] 's renewed infantry attack [EVENT] on the centre [UNKNOWN] was repulsed by the guards brigade [FORCE] , supported by coote [PERSON] 's brigade [FORCE] , and the left wing [PERSON] maintained its position [POSITION] with ease [PERMISSION] , but the french [PLACE] cavalry [FORCE] for the second time [PERIOD] came to close quarters [EVENT] with the reserve [PERSON] . the 42nd , twice charged by cavalry [FORCE] , had but 13 men [PERSON] wounded by the sabre [LIGHT] . part of the french [PLACE] losses [ACT] were caused by the gunboats [UNKNOWN] which lay close inshore [UNKNOWN] and cannonaded the left flank [PERSON] of the french [PLACE] columns [BODY] , and by a heavy naval gun [PERSON] which was placed in battery [LIGHT] near the position [POSITION] of 28 march [PERIOD] . the battle [PERSON] was won and was a great [UNKNOWN] victory [PERSON] , with menou [PERSON] forced to retreat to the city [PLACE] of alexandria [PLACE] . on 17 august [PERIOD] , british forces [FORCE] laid siege to alexandria [PLACE] and later captured the city [PLACE] which effectively ended french [PLACE] control [STATE] of egypt [PLACE] and syria [PLACE] . death death [EVENT] of sir ralph abercromby [PERSON] [PERSON] at the battle [PERSON] of alexandria [PLACE] by thomas stothard abercromby [PERSON] is buried in st . john [PERSON] 's bastion [POSITION] within fort saint elmo [PERSON] , valletta [PLACE] , malta [PLACE] . it is also known as abercrombie [PERSON] 's bastion [POSITION] in his honour [UNKNOWN] . during the action [ACTION] of the battle abercromby [PERSON] was struck by a musket-ball in the thigh [PERSON] ; but not until the battle [PERSON] had been won and he saw the enemy [PERSON] retreating did he allow himself to be relieved of command [COMMAND] so he could receive medical aid [UNKNOWN] . he was eventually borne from the field [BALL] in a hammock [EVENT] , cheered by the blessings [PERSON] of the soldiers [UNKNOWN] as he passed , and conveyed on board [FORM] the flag-ship hms foudroyant which was moored in the harbour [PERSON] . the ball [BALL] could not be extracted ; mortification [PROCESS] ensued , and seven days [PERIOD] later , on 28 march [PERIOD] 1801 , he died . abercromby [PERSON] 's old friend [PERSON] and commander [PERSON] , the duke [PERSON] of york [PLACE] , paid tribute [ACT] to abercromby [PERSON] 's memory [EVENT] in general [PERSON] orders [GARMENT] : " his steady observance [RULE] of discipline [DISCIPLINE] , his ever-watchful attention [ELEMENT] to the health [PROPERTY] and wants of his troops [HUMAN GROUP] , the persevering [ACTIVITY] and unconquerable spirit [STATE] which marked his military [UNKNOWN] career [NUMBER] , the splendour [UNKNOWN] of his actions [ACTION] in the field [BALL] and the heroism [CHARACTERISTIC] of his death [EVENT] , are worthy the imitation [ACT] of all who desire , like him , a life [EVENT] of heroism [CHARACTERISTIC] and a death [EVENT] of glory [PERSON] . " — prince frederick [PERSON] , duke [PERSON] of york [PLACE] on abercromby [PERSON] he was buried on st john [PERSON] 's bastion [POSITION] within fort saint elmo [PERSON] in valletta [PLACE] , malta [PLACE] . the british military [UNKNOWN] renamed it abercrombie [PERSON] 's bastion [POSITION] in his honour [UNKNOWN] . the adjacent curtain [FLAG] wall [PERSON] linking this bastion [POSITION] to the fortifications [INCREASE] of valletta [PLACE] , originally called santa ubaldesca curtain [FLAG] , was also renamed abercrombie [PERSON] 's curtain [FLAG] . recognition monument [SIGN] at st paul [PLACE] 's cathedral [EVENT] by a vote [ACT] of the house [PLACE] of commons [UNKNOWN] , a monument [SIGN] was erected in abercromby [PERSON] 's honour [UNKNOWN] in st paul [PLACE] 's cathedral [EVENT] in london [PLACE] . his widow [PERSON] was created baroness abercromby [PERSON] of tullibody [UNKNOWN] and aboukir bay [PLACE] , and a pension [INSTANCE] of £2,000 a year [PERIOD] was settled on her and her two successors [PERSON] in the title [ESTATE] . abercromby place [PLACE] in edinburgh [INSTITUTION] 's new town [PLACE] and abercromby square [PLACE] in liverpool [PLACE] are named in his honour [UNKNOWN] . family [HUMAN GROUP] on 17 november [PERIOD] 1767 , abercromby [PERSON] married mary anne [UNKNOWN] , daughter [PERSON] of john menzies [PERSON] and ann [PERSON] , daughter [PERSON] of patrick campbell [PERSON] . they had seven children [PERSON] . of four sons [PERSON] , all four entered parliament [HUMAN GROUP] , and two saw military [UNKNOWN] service [INSTITUTION] . * hon [PERSON] . anne abercromby [PERSON] ( born 21 september [PERIOD] 1768 and died october [PERIOD] 1832 ) married donald cameron [PERSON] , 22nd chief [POSITION] of clan cameron [PERSON] . they had two sons [PERSON] , and two daughters [PERSON] . * hon [PERSON] . mary abercromby [PERSON] ( born 19 august [PERIOD] 1773 and died 26 april [PERIOD] 1825 ) * hon [PERSON] . catherine abercromby [PERSON] ( born 4 december [PERIOD] 1780 and died 1841 ) , married on 31 december [PERIOD] 1811 to thomas buchanan [PERSON] of powis [PERSON] ( d. 1842 ) superintendent [HEAD] of marines [PERSON] at bombay [PLACE] . they had one son [PERSON] . * george abercromby [PERSON] , 2nd baron abercromby [PERSON] ( 1770-1843 ) * general hon [PERSON] . sir john [PERSON] abercromby [PERSON] ( 1772-1817 ) * james abercromby [PERSON] , 1st baron dunfermline [UNKNOWN] ( 1776-1858 ) * lt.-col . hon [PERSON] . alexander abercromby [PERSON] ( 1784-1853 ) caption [CONDITION] : coat [ACTION] of arms [PERSON] of ralph abercromby [PERSON] notes supporters [PERSON] granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant [UNKNOWN] proper escutcheon argent [PERSON] a chevron [MEASURE] indented gules [PERSON] between three boars [PERSON] heads [PERSON] erased azure [PERSON] armed or and langued sable [PERSON] in the middle chief [POSITION] point [PLACE] a crescent vert [PERSON] . supporters [PERSON] on either side [PLACE] , a greyhound [ALCOHOLIC DRINK] per fess argent [PERSON] and or collar [PLACE] and line gules [PERSON] charged on the shoulder [PORTION] with a thistle proper . motto vive ut vivas popular culture [PERSON] numerous works [UNKNOWN] have been written about abercromby [PERSON] . a public house [PLACE] in central manchester [PLACE] , the " sir ralph abercromby [PERSON] [PERSON] " , is named after him . there is also a primary school [INSTITUTION] and pub [PART] in tullibody [UNKNOWN] . there is also another ' general abercrombie [PERSON] ' pub [PART] with his portrait [PERSON] by john hoppner [PERSON] as the sign [SIGN] off of the blackfriars bridge road [PLACE] in london [PLACE] . three ships [SHIP] have been named hms abercrombie [PERSON] after the general [PERSON] but using the variant spelling [EVENT] of his name [NAME] . the ballad [SOUND] song " the banks [PERSON] of the nile [PERSON] " , perhaps most notably recorded by sandy denny and fotheringay [UNKNOWN] , refers to sir ralph abercrombie [PERSON] [PERSON] 's campaign [OCCURRENCE] in egypt [PLACE] . further reading * some public monuments [SIGN] of valletta [PLACE] 1800-1955

Objects found

Id Form Freq Tag Context Error
1abercromby36PERSON for his grandson , the diplomat , see ralph abercromby , 2nd baron dunfermline .
2battle13PERSON seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
3army12HUMAN GROUP british army officer , politician and colonial administrator ( 1734-1801 )
4command10COMMAND a force of around 4,000 was left to hold saint lucia under the command of colonel john moore before abercromby left for saint vincent at the beginning of june .
5regiment10HUMAN GROUP he served with his regiment in the seven years ' war , and thus , the opportunity afforded him of studying the methods of frederick the great , which moulded his military character and formed his tactical ideas .
6march9PERIOD sir ralph abercromby kb sir ralph abercromby , by john hoppner born ( 1734-10-07)7 october 1734 menstrie , clackmannanshire died 28 march 1801( 1801-03-28 ) ( aged 66 )
7alexandria9PLACE alexandria , ottoman egypt buried fort saint elmo , valletta 35°54′10″n 14°31′12″e / 35.90278°n 14.52000°e / 35.90278 ; 14.52000 allegiance kingdom of great britain united kingdom
8men7PERSON the island had been retaken at the cost of 566 men .
9ireland7PLACE rising to the rank of lieutenant general in the british army , he also served as the commander-in-chief , ireland and was noted for his military service during the french revolutionary wars , which included defeating the french invasion of egypt and syria .
10rebellion7FORCE seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
11foot6FOOT regiment of foot .
12york5PLACE he was appointed commander of a brigade under the duke of york for service in the netherlands , where he commanded the advanced guard in the action at le cateau .
13duke5PERSON he was appointed commander of a brigade under the duke of york for service in the netherlands , where he commanded the advanced guard in the action at le cateau .
14bastion5POSITION john 's bastion within fort saint elmo , valletta , malta .
15british5UNKNOWN british army officer , politician and colonial administrator ( 1734-1801 )
16troops5HUMAN GROUP a third of the 6,000 troops that had arrived on the island before him had already been sent on to saint vincent and grenada , leaving the general with 3,700 soldiers at his disposal .
17egypt5PLACE alexandria , ottoman egypt buried fort saint elmo , valletta 35°54′10″n 14°31′12″e / 35.90278°n 14.52000°e / 35.90278 ; 14.52000 allegiance kingdom of great britain united kingdom
18clackmannanshire4PLACE sir ralph abercromby kb sir ralph abercromby , by john hoppner born ( 1734-10-07)7 october 1734 menstrie , clackmannanshire died 28 march 1801( 1801-03-28 ) ( aged 66 )
19honour4UNKNOWN it is also known as abercrombie 's bastion in his honour .
20brigade4FORCE he was appointed commander of a brigade under the duke of york for service in the netherlands , where he commanded the advanced guard in the action at le cateau .
21caribs4UNKNOWN control of much of saint vincent had been lost to rebelling french planters and native caribs since early 1795 , while grenada was in the midst of an insurrection led by julien fédon .
22hon4PERSON * hon .
23edinburgh4INSTITUTION between 1752 and 1753 , he was a student at the university of edinburgh .
24commander in chief4POSITION
25expedition4FORCE in july 1795 , abercromby was nominated by secretary of state for war henry dundas to lead an expedition to the west indies .
26october4PERIOD sir ralph abercromby kb sir ralph abercromby , by john hoppner born ( 1734-10-07)7 october 1734 menstrie , clackmannanshire died 28 march 1801( 1801-03-28 ) ( aged 66 )
27april4PERIOD the british fleet sailed on 25 april 1796 for saint lucia , landing the following day and establishing a beachhead .
28trinidad4PLACE other work member of parliament governor of trinidad lord lieutenant of clackmannanshire lieutenant-general sir ralph abercromby , kb ( 7 october 1734 - 28 march 1801 ) was a british army officer , politician and colonial administrator who served as the governor of trinidad in 1797 .
29valletta4PLACE alexandria , ottoman egypt buried fort saint elmo , valletta 35°54′10″n 14°31′12″e / 35.90278°n 14.52000°e / 35.90278 ; 14.52000 allegiance kingdom of great britain united kingdom
30june4PERIOD ralph attended rugby school from 12 june 1748 , where he remained until he was 18 .
31action4ACTION he was appointed commander of a brigade under the duke of york for service in the netherlands , where he commanded the advanced guard in the action at le cateau .
32invasion4FORCE seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
33time4PERIOD after spending time with dundas over christmas , abercromby was summoned to london 21 january 1800 .
34enemy4PERSON the reinforcements to grenada allowed general nicolls to attack enemy posts south of port royal on 25 march , preventing further french reinforcements from guadeloupe .
35reinforcements3PERMISSION the reinforcements to grenada allowed general nicolls to attack enemy posts south of port royal on 25 march , preventing further french reinforcements from guadeloupe .
36people3HUMAN GROUP to quote the biographic entry in the 1888 encyclopædia britannica , " e laboured to maintain the discipline of the army , to suppress the rising rebellion , and to protect the people from military oppression , with the care worthy of a great general and an enlightened and beneficent statesman .
37saint vincent3PERSON a third of the 6,000 troops that had arrived on the island before him had already been sent on to saint vincent and grenada , leaving the general with 3,700 soldiers at his disposal .
38city3PLACE the line faced generally south-west towards the city , the reserve division under major-general sir john moore .
39pub3PART for the public house in manchester , see sir ralph abercromby ( pub ) .
40ralph abercrombie3PERSON " ralph abercrombie " redirects here .
41rank3RANK branch british army years of service 1756-1801 rank lieutenant-general battles / wars *
42service3INSTITUTION branch british army years of service 1756-1801 rank lieutenant-general battles / wars *
43london3PLACE after spending time with dundas over christmas , abercromby was summoned to london 21 january 1800 .
44general3PERSON branch british army years of service 1756-1801 rank lieutenant general battles / wars *
45centre3UNKNOWN abercromby sits mortally wounded in the painting 's centre .
46position3POSITION abercromby anticipated a night attack , so the british slept in position under arms .
47commander3PERSON rising to the rank of lieutenant general in the british army , he also served as the commander in-chief , ireland and was noted for his military service during the french revolutionary wars , which included defeating the french invasion of egypt and syria .
48ball3BALL the worthy general was hit in the thigh by a ball from a gun-boat ; four grenadiers tried to carry him off , but a second ball killed two of these brave fellows ” .
49law3PERSON there he studied moral and natural philosophy and civil law , and was regarded by his professors as sound rather than brilliant .
50force3FORCE a force of around 4,000 was left to hold saint lucia under the command of colonel john moore before abercromby left for saint vincent at the beginning of june .
51aboukir3PLACE seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
52fort saint elmo3PERSON alexandria , ottoman egypt buried fort saint elmo , valletta 35°54′10″n 14°31′12″e / 35.90278°n 14.52000°e / 35.90278 ; 14.52000 allegiance kingdom of great britain united kingdom
53malta3PLACE abercromby received instruction from london to send 2,500-3,000 men to take french-occupied malta .
54sir ralph abercromby3PERSON for the public house in manchester , see sir ralph abercromby ( pub ) .
55war3EVENT seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
56syria3PLACE seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
57abercrombie3PERSON " ralph abercrombie " redirects here .
58house3PLACE for the public house in manchester , see sir ralph abercromby ( pub ) .
59august3PERIOD that same month he had been made a knight of the bath and in august lieutenant governor of the isle of wight - a reward for his services but also possibly an incentive to lead the army in the caribbean .
60discipline3DISCIPLINE to quote the biographic entry in the 1888 encyclopædia britannica , " e laboured to maintain the discipline of the army , to suppress the rising rebellion , and to protect the people from military oppression , with the care worthy of a great general and an enlightened and beneficent statesman .
61thigh3PERSON the worthy general was hit in the thigh by a ball from a gun-boat ; four grenadiers tried to carry him off , but a second ball killed two of these brave fellows ” .
62daughter3PERSON he was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of george abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the abercromby family of birkenbog , aberdeenshire and mary dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of ralph dundas of manour , perthshire .
63parliament3HUMAN GROUP other work member of parliament governor of trinidad lord lieutenant of clackmannanshire lieutenant-general sir ralph abercromby , kb ( 7 october 1734 - 28 march 1801 ) was a british army officer , politician and colonial administrator who served as the governor of trinidad in 1797 .
64field3BALL about this time he received a bullet wound to the thigh which would eventually prove fatal , though he remained on the field and in command to the end .
65grenada3PLACE a third of the 6,000 troops that had arrived on the island before him had already been sent on to saint vincent and grenada , leaving the general with 3,700 soldiers at his disposal .
66colonel3PERSON abercromby rose through the intermediate grades to the rank of lieutenant colonel of the regiment ( 1773 ) and brevet colonel in 1780 , and in 1781 , he became colonel of the newly raised king 's
67attack3EVENT the reinforcements to grenada allowed general nicolls to attack enemy posts south of port royal on 25 march , preventing further french reinforcements from guadeloupe .
68forces3FORCE during the 1794 withdrawal to holland , he commanded the allied forces in the action at boxtel and was wounded directing operations at fort st andries on the waal .
69coast2EVENT his squadron sailed through the bocas and anchored off the coast of chaguaramas .
70tullibody2UNKNOWN the family had acquired menstrie castle in 1719 but their main family house was the nearby tullibody house which they had built around 1700 .
71career2NUMBER he completed his studies at leipzig university in germany from autumn 1754 , taking more detailed studies in civil law with a view to a career as an advocate .
72advance2EVENT menou had arrived from cairo and was determined to defeat the british advance .
73general abercromby2PERSON in february 1797 , the general abercromby launched the invasion of trinidad .
74castricum2UNKNOWN seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
75step2POWER he took the unusual step of publicly criticising the command of his predecessor , the 2nd earl of carhampton , for bequeathing an army " in a state of licentiousness , which must render it formidable to everyone but the enemy " .
76seashore2LAND moving forward rapidly with great gallantry from the left , lanusse launched the attack with valentin 's brigade in column along the seashore , and to their right silly 's brigade against the british entrenchments around the roman ruins .
77british army officer2PERSON british army officer , politician and colonial administrator ( 1734-1801 )
78servant2PERSON for the australian public servant , see ralph abercrombie ( public servant ) .
79capture2EVENT a medallion commemorating the british capture of trinidad in 1797 a medallion commemorating abercromby for his role in the capture of trinidad abercromby returned to europe and , in reward for his services , was appointed colonel of the 2nd ( royal north british )
80squadron2BODY his squadron sailed through the bocas and anchored off the coast of chaguaramas .
81france2PLACE when france declared war against great britain in 1793 , abercromby returned to active duty .
82efforts2ACTION he used his utmost efforts to restore the discipline of an army that was utterly disorganized ; and , as a first step , he anxiously endeavoured to protect the people by re-establishing the supremacy of the civil power , and not allowing the military to be called out , except when it was indispensably necessary for the enforcement of the law and the maintenance of order .
83lord abercromby2PERSON seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
84beachhead2ABSTRACT ENTITY the british fleet sailed on 25 april 1796 for saint lucia , landing the following day and establishing a beachhead .
85san juan2PLACE seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
86cost2EVENT the island had been retaken at the cost of 566 men .
87wing2PERSON on 20 march , the british forces extended across the isthmus , the right wing resting upon the ruins of nicopolis and the sea , the left on the lake of abukir .
88krabbendam2UNKNOWN seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
89camp2PERSON three months later abercromby arrived with further reinforcements and attacked fédon 's camp on 19 june , routing the insurgents and ending the rebellion .
90manchester2PLACE for the public house in manchester , see sir ralph abercromby ( pub ) .
91george abercromby2PERSON he was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of george abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the abercromby family of birkenbog , aberdeenshire and mary dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of ralph dundas of manour , perthshire .
92west indies2PLACE seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
93rampon2UNKNOWN soon rampon 's command in the centre was engaged , and despite disorientation in the dark , penetrated between the front and rear wing of the 42nd regiment of foot .
94predecessor2GROUP under instructions from dundas , abercromby 's predecessor , sir adam williamson , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the french colonists of saint domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists william wilberforce and thomas clarkson .
95island2PLACE a third of the 6,000 troops that had arrived on the island before him had already been sent on to saint vincent and grenada , leaving the general with 3,700 soldiers at his disposal .
96studies2STUDY he completed his studies at leipzig university in germany from autumn 1754 , taking more detailed studies in civil law with a view to a career as an advocate .
97soldiers2UNKNOWN a third of the 6,000 troops that had arrived on the island before him had already been sent on to saint vincent and grenada , leaving the general with 3,700 soldiers at his disposal .
98general lanusse2PERSONgeneral lanusse saw that general valentin had left the seashore , and was within the re-entering angle of the redoubt and the roman camp , where the cross fire of the enemy held him back .
99lieutenant governor2PERSON that same month he had been made a knight of the bath and in august lieutenant governor of the isle of wight - a reward for his services but also possibly an incentive to lead the army in the caribbean .
100cavalry2FORCE rampon 's renewed infantry attack on the centre was repulsed by the guards brigade , supported by coote 's brigade , and the left wing maintained its position with ease , but the french cavalry for the second time came to close quarters with the reserve .
101medallion2EVENT a medallion commemorating the british capture of trinidad in 1797 a medallion commemorating abercromby for his role in the capture of trinidad abercromby returned to europe and , in reward for his services , was appointed colonel of the 2nd ( royal north british )
102alexander abercromby2PERSON seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
103son2PERSON he was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of george abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the abercromby family of birkenbog , aberdeenshire and mary dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of ralph dundas of manour , perthshire .
104front2RANK soon rampon 's command in the centre was engaged , and despite disorientation in the dark , penetrated between the front and rear wing of the 42nd regiment of foot .
105netherlands2PLACE he was appointed commander of a brigade under the duke of york for service in the netherlands , where he commanded the advanced guard in the action at le cateau .
106dundas2PERSON he was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of george abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the abercromby family of birkenbog , aberdeenshire and mary dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of ralph dundas of manour , perthshire .
107politician2PERSON british army officer , politician and colonial administrator ( 1734-1801 )
108administrator2PERSON british army officer , politician and colonial administrator ( 1734-1801 )
109st paul2PLACE monument at st paul 's cathedral
110fédon2UNKNOWN seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
111french revolutionary wars2EVENT seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
112arms2PERSON abercromby anticipated a night attack , so the british slept in position under arms .
113december2PERIOD catherine abercromby ( born 4 december 1780 and died 1841 ) , married on 31 december 1811 to thomas buchanan of powis ( d. 1842 )
114health2PROPERTY his experience in the netherlands and the west indies particularly fitted him for this new command , as was proved when he carried his army in health , in spirits , and with the requisite supplies to the destined scene of action despite great difficulties .
115mediterranean2UNKNOWN before he could leave for portugal to inspect their defences and army , the resignation of general charles stuart in the mediterranean in april led to a change of plans .
116wight2EVENT that same month he had been made a knight of the bath and in august lieutenant governor of the isle of wight - a reward for his services but also possibly an incentive to lead the army in the caribbean .
117heroism2CHARACTERISTIC abercromby 's old friend and commander , the duke of york , paid tribute to abercromby 's memory in general orders : " his steady observance of discipline , his ever-watchful attention to the health and wants of his troops , the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career , the splendour of his actions in the field and the heroism of his death , are worthy the imitation of all who desire , like him , a life of heroism and a death of glory . "
118isle2PLACE that same month he had been made a knight of the bath and in august lieutenant governor of the isle of wight - a reward for his services but also possibly an incentive to lead the army in the caribbean .
119cathedral2EVENT monument at st paul 's cathedral
120side2PLACE he marched his troops near to the insurgent base at vigie ridge and camped nearby as the british started to execute an encircling movement : quartermaster general john knox manoeuvred his men on the seaward side in order to prevent the enemy retreating north , and lieutenant colonel dickens used the 34th regiment as a diversion on the opposite side .
121menstrie castle2PERSON ralph abercromby was born on 7 october 1734 at menstrie castle , clackmannanshire .
122control2STATE control of much of saint vincent had been lost to rebelling french planters and native caribs since early 1795 , while grenada was in the midst of an insurrection led by julien fédon .
123scotland2PLACE abercromby 's education was begun by a private tutor , then continued at the school of mr moir in alloa , then considered one of the best in scotland despite its jacobite leanings .
124state2STATE in july 1795 , abercromby was nominated by secretary of state for war henry dundas to lead an expedition to the west indies .
125years2PERIOD branch british army years of service 1756-1801 rank lieutenant-general battles / wars *
126sons2PERSON of four sons , all four entered parliament , and two saw military service .
127baron dunfermline2UNKNOWN for his grandson , the diplomat , see ralph abercromby , 2nd baron dunfermline .
128callantsoog2UNKNOWN seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
129losses2ACT a major assault on the port of san juan , puerto rico , in april 1797 failed after fierce fighting where both sides suffered heavy losses .
130ruins2CONDITION on 20 march , the british forces extended across the isthmus , the right wing resting upon the ruins of nicopolis and the sea , the left on the lake of abukir .
131reward2ACTION that same month he had been made a knight of the bath and in august lieutenant governor of the isle of wight - a reward for his services but also possibly an incentive to lead the army in the caribbean .
132governor2PERSON other work member of parliament governor of trinidad lord lieutenant of clackmannanshire lieutenant-general sir ralph abercromby , kb ( 7 october 1734 - 28 march 1801 ) was a british army officer , politician and colonial administrator who served as the governor of trinidad in 1797 .
133campaign2OCCURRENCE seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
134order2GARMENT he marched his troops near to the insurgent base at vigie ridge and camped nearby as the british started to execute an encircling movement : quartermaster general john knox manoeuvred his men on the seaward side in order to prevent the enemy retreating north , and lieutenant colonel dickens used the 34th regiment as a diversion on the opposite side .
135lanusse2PERSON moving forward rapidly with great gallantry from the left , lanusse launched the attack with valentin 's brigade in column along the seashore , and to their right silly 's brigade against the british entrenchments around the roman ruins .
136exploits2ACTION his strategies are ranked amongst the most daring and brilliant exploits of the british army .
137left2PERSON a force of around 4,000 was left to hold saint lucia under the command of colonel john moore before abercromby left for saint vincent at the beginning of june .
138holland2PERSON seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
139french2PLACE seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
140ralph2PERSON for his grandson , the diplomat , see ralph abercromby , 2nd baron dunfermline .
141appointment2DECISION the appointment of abercromby as commander-in-chief of the leeward and windward islands was officially announced on 5 august .
142line2PERSON the line faced generally south-west towards the city , the reserve division under major-general sir john moore .
143townhouse2BUILDING in 1791 he commissioned a large townhouse at 66 queen street , edinburgh .
144stuart2PERSON before he could leave for portugal to inspect their defences and army , the resignation of general charles stuart in the mediterranean in april led to a change of plans .
145brother2PERSON seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
146queen street2PLACE in 1791 he commissioned a large townhouse at 66 queen street , edinburgh .
147services2ACTIVITY that same month he had been made a knight of the bath and in august lieutenant governor of the isle of wight - a reward for his services but also possibly an incentive to lead the army in the caribbean .
148days2PERIOD the black french commander , marinier , signed terms of surrender on 11 june and the caribs did 4 days later .
149dragoons2FORCE regiment of dragoons .
150silly2PERSON moving forward rapidly with great gallantry from the left , lanusse launched the attack with valentin 's brigade in column along the seashore , and to their right silly 's brigade against the british entrenchments around the roman ruins .
151death2EVENT death death of sir ralph abercromby at the battle of alexandria by thomas stothard abercromby is buried in st .
152assault2UNKNOWN a major assault on the port of san juan , puerto rico , in april 1797 failed after fierce fighting where both sides suffered heavy losses .
153school2INSTITUTION abercromby 's education was begun by a private tutor , then continued at the school of mr moir in alloa , then considered one of the best in scotland despite its jacobite leanings .
154british forces2FORCE on 20 march , the british forces extended across the isthmus , the right wing resting upon the ruins of nicopolis and the sea , the left on the lake of abukir .
155ralph abercromby2PERSON for his grandson , the diplomat , see ralph abercromby , 2nd baron dunfermline .
156supporter1PERSON abercromby was a strong supporter of the american cause in the american revolutionary war and chose to serve in ireland , where british military regiments were stationed year-round to discourage rebellion , to prevent his being forced to fight in north america .
157childhood1PROPERTY much of ralph 's childhood was spent in the latter .
158allegiance kingdom1PLACE alexandria , ottoman egypt buried fort saint elmo , valletta 35°54′10″n 14°31′12″e / 35.90278°n 14.52000°e / 35.90278 ; 14.52000 allegiance kingdom of great britain united kingdom
159curtain1FLAG the adjacent curtain wall linking this bastion to the fortifications of valletta , originally called santa ubaldesca curtain , was also renamed abercrombie 's curtain .
160student1PERSON between 1752 and 1753 , he was a student at the university of edinburgh .
161abercromby place1PLACE abercromby place in edinburgh 's new town and abercromby square in liverpool are named in his honour .
162general goyrand1UNKNOWN the garrison under general goyrand surrendered to the british army 26 may .
163spelling1EVENT three ships have been named hms abercrombie after the general but using the variant spelling of his name .
164thomas stothard abercromby1PERSON death death of sir ralph abercromby at the battle of alexandria by thomas stothard abercromby is buried in st .
165seaward side1PLACE he marched his troops near to the insurgent base at vigie ridge and camped nearby as the british started to execute an encircling movement : quartermaster general john knox manoeuvred his men on the seaward side in order to prevent the enemy retreating north , and lieutenant colonel dickens used the 34th regiment as a diversion on the opposite side .
166daughters1PERSON they had two sons , and two daughters .
167intervention1ACTION in 1798 , abercromby was made commander-in-chief of the forces in ireland , then in rebellion and anticipating french intervention .
168ruler1PLACE however , abercromby refused to serve under a foreign ruler and would only take command of a joint army .
169catholic1PERSON trinidad thus became a british crown colony , with a french-speaking population of catholic faith and spanish laws .
170secretary1PERSON in july 1795 , abercromby was nominated by secretary of state for war henry dundas to lead an expedition to the west indies .
171criticism1ACT under instructions from dundas , abercromby 's predecessor , sir adam williamson , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the french colonists of saint domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists william wilberforce and thomas clarkson .
172fellows1PERSON the worthy general was hit in the thigh by a ball from a gun-boat ; four grenadiers tried to carry him off , but a second ball killed two of these brave fellows ” .
173slavery1UNIT under instructions from dundas , abercromby 's predecessor , sir adam williamson , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the french colonists of saint domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists william wilberforce and thomas clarkson .
174inshore1UNKNOWN part of the french losses were caused by the gunboats which lay close inshore and cannonaded the left flank of the french columns , and by a heavy naval gun which was placed in battery near the position of 28 march .
175february1PERIOD in february 1797 , the general abercromby launched the invasion of trinidad .
176november1PERIOD family on 17 november 1767 , abercromby married mary anne , daughter of john menzies and ann , daughter of patrick campbell .
177sign1SIGN there is also another ' general abercrombie ' pub with his portrait by john hoppner as the sign off of the blackfriars bridge road in london .
178month1PERIOD that same month he had been made a knight of the bath and in august lieutenant governor of the isle of wight - a reward for his services but also possibly an incentive to lead the army in the caribbean .
179strategies1STRATEGY his strategies are ranked amongst the most daring and brilliant exploits of the british army .
180knight1PERSON that same month he had been made a knight of the bath and in august lieutenant governor of the isle of wight - a reward for his services but also possibly an incentive to lead the army in the caribbean .
181encyclopædia britannica1PERSON to quote the biographic entry in the 1888 encyclopædia britannica , " e laboured to maintain the discipline of the army , to suppress the rising rebellion , and to protect the people from military oppression , with the care worthy of a great general and an enlightened and beneficent statesman .
182meteorologist1SOFTWARE for his great-grandson , see ralph abercromby ( meteorologist ) .
183line gules1PERSON on either side , a greyhound per fess argent and or collar and line gules charged on the shoulder with a thistle proper .
184fort george1PERSON he was also made lieutenant-governor of the isle of wight , governor of fort george and fort augustus in the scottish highlands , and promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general .
185actions1ACTION abercromby 's old friend and commander , the duke of york , paid tribute to abercromby 's memory in general orders : " his steady observance of discipline , his ever-watchful attention to the health and wants of his troops , the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career , the splendour of his actions in the field and the heroism of his death , are worthy the imitation of all who desire , like him , a life of heroism and a death of glory . "
186roman ruins1CONDITION moving forward rapidly with great gallantry from the left , lanusse launched the attack with valentin 's brigade in column along the seashore , and to their right silly 's brigade against the british entrenchments around the roman ruins .
187university1INSTITUTION between 1752 and 1753 , he was a student at the university of edinburgh .
188italy1PLACE the austrian plan was that abercromby could create a distraction from the activities of general michael von melas in north italy by landing at various points on the italian coast .
189prisoners1PERSON the british took around 200 prisoners , with another 200 escaping into the jungle .
190hold saint lucia1PLACE a force of around 4,000 was left to hold saint lucia under the command of colonel john moore before abercromby left for saint vincent at the beginning of june .
191battery1LIGHT part of the french losses were caused by the gunboats which lay close inshore and cannonaded the left flank of the french columns , and by a heavy naval gun which was placed in battery near the position of 28 march .
192le cateau1PERSON he was appointed commander of a brigade under the duke of york for service in the netherlands , where he commanded the advanced guard in the action at le cateau .
193alloa1PERSON abercromby 's education was begun by a private tutor , then continued at the school of mr moir in alloa , then considered one of the best in scotland despite its jacobite leanings .
194valentin1UNKNOWN moving forward rapidly with great gallantry from the left , lanusse launched the attack with valentin 's brigade in column along the seashore , and to their right silly 's brigade against the british entrenchments around the roman ruins .
195puerto rico1PLACE a major assault on the port of san juan , puerto rico , in april 1797 failed after fierce fighting where both sides suffered heavy losses .
196continent1PLACE career 1852 portrait of abercromby by colvin smith on returning from the continent , abercromby expressed a strong preference for the military profession , and a cornet 's commission was accordingly obtained for him ( march 1756 ) in the 3rd dragoon guards .
197colonists1PART under instructions from dundas , abercromby 's predecessor , sir adam williamson , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the french colonists of saint domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists william wilberforce and thomas clarkson .
198glory1PERSON abercromby 's old friend and commander , the duke of york , paid tribute to abercromby 's memory in general orders : " his steady observance of discipline , his ever-watchful attention to the health and wants of his troops , the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career , the splendour of his actions in the field and the heroism of his death , are worthy the imitation of all who desire , like him , a life of heroism and a death of glory . "
199british military1UNKNOWN abercromby was a strong supporter of the american cause in the american revolutionary war and chose to serve in ireland , where british military regiments were stationed year-round to discourage rebellion , to prevent his being forced to fight in north america .
200experience1COGNITIVE STATE his experience in the netherlands and the west indies particularly fitted him for this new command , as was proved when he carried his army in health , in spirits , and with the requisite supplies to the destined scene of action despite great difficulties .
201john menzies1PERSON family on 17 november 1767 , abercromby married mary anne , daughter of john menzies and ann , daughter of patrick campbell .
202widow1PERSON his widow was created baroness abercromby of tullibody and aboukir bay , and a pension of £2,000 a year was settled on her and her two successors in the title .
203guards brigade1FORCE rampon 's renewed infantry attack on the centre was repulsed by the guards brigade , supported by coote 's brigade , and the left wing maintained its position with ease , but the french cavalry for the second time came to close quarters with the reserve .
204napoleonic dutch republic1PLACE after holding for a short period the office of commander-in-chief in scotland , abercromby was again called to command under the duke of york in the 1799 anglo-russian expedition against the napoleonic dutch republic .
205autumn1PERSON he completed his studies at leipzig university in germany from autumn 1754 , taking more detailed studies in civil law with a view to a career as an advocate .
206distraction1DEFICIENCY the austrian plan was that abercromby could create a distraction from the activities of general michael von melas in north italy by landing at various points on the italian coast .
207escutcheon argent1PERSON alexander abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) caption : coat of arms of ralph abercromby notes supporters granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant proper escutcheon argent a chevron indented gules between three boars ’ heads erased azure armed or and langued sable in the middle chief point a crescent vert .
208supporters1PERSON alexander abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) caption : coat of arms of ralph abercromby notes supporters granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant proper escutcheon argent a chevron indented gules between three boars ’ heads erased azure armed or and langued sable in the middle chief point a crescent vert .
209heads1PERSON alexander abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) caption : coat of arms of ralph abercromby notes supporters granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant proper escutcheon argent a chevron indented gules between three boars ’ heads erased azure armed or and langued sable in the middle chief point a crescent vert .
210thomas clarkson1PERSON under instructions from dundas , abercromby 's predecessor , sir adam williamson , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the french colonists of saint domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists william wilberforce and thomas clarkson .
211sandy denny1PERSON
212john hoppner1PERSON sir ralph abercromby kb sir ralph abercromby , by john hoppner born ( 1734-10-07)7 october 1734 menstrie , clackmannanshire died 28 march 1801( 1801-03-28 ) ( aged 66 )
213bullet wound1ACT about this time he received a bullet wound to the thigh which would eventually prove fatal , though he remained on the field and in command to the end .
214london january1PERIOD
215scene1UNKNOWN his experience in the netherlands and the west indies particularly fitted him for this new command , as was proved when he carried his army in health , in spirits , and with the requisite supplies to the destined scene of action despite great difficulties .
216blessings1PERSON he was eventually borne from the field in a hammock , cheered by the blessings of the soldiers as he passed , and conveyed on board the flag-ship hms foudroyant which was moored in the harbour .
217approach1OPPORTUNITY abercromby was replaced in ireland by gerrard lake who favoured an aggressive approach in putting down the rebellion , as opposed to abercromby 's attempts at conciliation .
218caption1CONDITION alexander abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) caption : coat of arms of ralph abercromby notes supporters granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant proper escutcheon argent a chevron indented gules between three boars ’ heads erased azure armed or and langued sable in the middle chief point a crescent vert .
219motto vive ut vivas popular culture1PERSON motto vive ut vivas popular culture numerous works have been written about abercromby .
220disorientation1RESULT soon rampon 's command in the centre was engaged , and despite disorientation in the dark , penetrated between the front and rear wing of the 42nd regiment of foot .
221colony1SEQUENCE trinidad thus became a british crown colony , with a french-speaking population of catholic faith and spanish laws .
222sir ralph abercrombie1PERSON denny and fotheringay , refers to sir ralph abercrombie 's campaign in egypt .
223christmas1PLACE after spending time with dundas over christmas , abercromby was summoned to london 21 january 1800 .
224character1FORCE he served with his regiment in the seven years ' war , and thus , the opportunity afforded him of studying the methods of frederick the great , which moulded his military character and formed his tactical ideas .
225surviving1ACTIVITY he was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of george abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the abercromby family of birkenbog , aberdeenshire and mary dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of ralph dundas of manour , perthshire .
226shoulder1PORTION on either side , a greyhound per fess argent and or collar and line gules charged on the shoulder with a thistle proper .
227jacques françois1PERSON
228new zealand cricketer1PLACE for the new zealand cricketer , see ralph abercrombie ( cricketer ) .
229general nicolls1PERSON the reinforcements to grenada allowed general nicolls to attack enemy posts south of port royal on 25 march , preventing further french reinforcements from guadeloupe .
230hoorn1PLACE the high watermark of british success came when a squadron of the dutch fleet then surrendered and the anglo-russian army advanced through north holland capturing the cities of hoorn , enkhuizen and medemblik .
231general valentin1UNKNOWN “ general lanusse saw that general valentin had left the seashore , and was within the re-entering angle of the redoubt and the roman camp , where the cross fire of the enemy held him back .
232cricketer1PERSON for the new zealand cricketer , see ralph abercrombie ( cricketer ) .
233gules1PERSON alexander abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) caption : coat of arms of ralph abercromby notes supporters granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant proper escutcheon argent a chevron indented gules between three boars ’ heads erased azure armed or and langued sable in the middle chief point a crescent vert .
234allies1ABSTRACT ENTITY the expected orangist uprising in the north holland peninsula never materialized and allies withdrew to their original positions .
235abukir1PLACE on 20 march , the british forces extended across the isthmus , the right wing resting upon the ruins of nicopolis and the sea , the left on the lake of abukir .
236sound1SOUND there he studied moral and natural philosophy and civil law , and was regarded by his professors as sound rather than brilliant .
237saint domingue1PERSON under instructions from dundas , abercromby 's predecessor , sir adam williamson , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the french colonists of saint domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists william wilberforce and thomas clarkson .
238day1PERIOD the british fleet sailed on 25 april 1796 for saint lucia , landing the following day and establishing a beachhead .
239essequibo1PLACE afterwards , abercromby secured possession of the settlements of demerara and essequibo in south america .
240caribbean1PERSON that same month he had been made a knight of the bath and in august lieutenant governor of the isle of wight - a reward for his services but also possibly an incentive to lead the army in the caribbean .
241a.m1UNKNOWN at 3:30 a.m .
242cities1UNKNOWN the high watermark of british success came when a squadron of the dutch fleet then surrendered and the anglo-russian army advanced through north holland capturing the cities of hoorn , enkhuizen and medemblik .
243enemy posts1SEQUENCE the reinforcements to grenada allowed general nicolls to attack enemy posts south of port royal on 25 march , preventing further french reinforcements from guadeloupe .
244santa ubaldesca curtain1PERSON the adjacent curtain wall linking this bastion to the fortifications of valletta , originally called santa ubaldesca curtain , was also renamed abercrombie 's curtain .
245fotheringay1UNKNOWN denny and fotheringay , refers to sir ralph abercrombie 's campaign in egypt .
246column1BODY moving forward rapidly with great gallantry from the left , lanusse launched the attack with valentin 's brigade in column along the seashore , and to their right silly 's brigade against the british entrenchments around the roman ruins .
247bombay1PLACE superintendent of marines at bombay .
248guard1NUMBER he was appointed commander of a brigade under the duke of york for service in the netherlands , where he commanded the advanced guard in the action at le cateau .
249recognition monument1SIGN
250chevron1MEASURE alexander abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) caption : coat of arms of ralph abercromby notes supporters granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant proper escutcheon argent a chevron indented gules between three boars ’ heads erased azure armed or and langued sable in the middle chief point a crescent vert .
251difficulties1STATEMENT his experience in the netherlands and the west indies particularly fitted him for this new command , as was proved when he carried his army in health , in spirits , and with the requisite supplies to the destined scene of action despite great difficulties .
252prince frederick1PERSONprince frederick , duke of york on abercromby
253dark1STATE soon rampon 's command in the centre was engaged , and despite disorientation in the dark , penetrated between the front and rear wing of the 42nd regiment of foot .
254north holland1PLACE the high watermark of british success came when a squadron of the dutch fleet then surrendered and the anglo-russian army advanced through north holland capturing the cities of hoorn , enkhuizen and medemblik .
255new town1PLACE abercromby place in edinburgh 's new town and abercromby square in liverpool are named in his honour .
256julien fédon1PERSON control of much of saint vincent had been lost to rebelling french planters and native caribs since early 1795 , while grenada was in the midst of an insurrection led by julien fédon .
257left flank1PERSON part of the french losses were caused by the gunboats which lay close inshore and cannonaded the left flank of the french columns , and by a heavy naval gun which was placed in battery near the position of 28 march .
258frederick1PERSON he served with his regiment in the seven years ' war , and thus , the opportunity afforded him of studying the methods of frederick the great , which moulded his military character and formed his tactical ideas .
259sable1PERSON alexander abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) caption : coat of arms of ralph abercromby notes supporters granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant proper escutcheon argent a chevron indented gules between three boars ’ heads erased azure armed or and langued sable in the middle chief point a crescent vert .
260encirclement1ACT knox was able to cut off communications with the vigie , whilst dickens ousted the nearby caribs to complete the encirclement .
261aberdeenshire1PLACE he was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of george abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the abercromby family of birkenbog , aberdeenshire and mary dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of ralph dundas of manour , perthshire .
262boxtel1PERSON during the 1794 withdrawal to holland , he commanded the allied forces in the action at boxtel and was wounded directing operations at fort st andries on the waal .
263musket ball1BALL
264ranks1RANK the front and rear ranks of the 28th foot were simultaneously engaged to both their front and rear .
265lt. col1PERSON
266methods1SET he served with his regiment in the seven years ' war , and thus , the opportunity afforded him of studying the methods of frederick the great , which moulded his military character and formed his tactical ideas .
267medemblik1UNKNOWN the high watermark of british success came when a squadron of the dutch fleet then surrendered and the anglo-russian army advanced through north holland capturing the cities of hoorn , enkhuizen and medemblik .
268british army1HUMAN GROUP british army officer , politician and colonial administrator ( 1734-1801 )
269half pay1PLACE when that regiment was disbanded in 1783 , he retired on half pay .
270attention1ELEMENT abercromby 's old friend and commander , the duke of york , paid tribute to abercromby 's memory in general orders : " his steady observance of discipline , his ever-watchful attention to the health and wants of his troops , the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career , the splendour of his actions in the field and the heroism of his death , are worthy the imitation of all who desire , like him , a life of heroism and a death of glory . "
271dickens1PERSON he marched his troops near to the insurgent base at vigie ridge and camped nearby as the british started to execute an encircling movement : quartermaster general john knox manoeuvred his men on the seaward side in order to prevent the enemy retreating north , and lieutenant colonel dickens used the 34th regiment as a diversion on the opposite side .
272military1UNKNOWN rising to the rank of lieutenant general in the british army , he also served as the commander-in-chief , ireland and was noted for his military service during the french revolutionary wars , which included defeating the french invasion of egypt and syria .
273portrait1PERSON career 1852 portrait of abercromby by colvin smith on returning from the continent , abercromby expressed a strong preference for the military profession , and a cornet 's commission was accordingly obtained for him ( march 1756 ) in the 3rd dragoon guards .
274imitation1ACT abercromby 's old friend and commander , the duke of york , paid tribute to abercromby 's memory in general orders : " his steady observance of discipline , his ever-watchful attention to the health and wants of his troops , the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career , the splendour of his actions in the field and the heroism of his death , are worthy the imitation of all who desire , like him , a life of heroism and a death of glory . "
275possession1PERSON afterwards , abercromby secured possession of the settlements of demerara and essequibo in south america .
276donald cameron1PERSON anne abercromby ( born 21 september 1768 and died october 1832 ) married donald cameron , 22nd chief of clan cameron .
277colvin smith on1PERSON career 1852 portrait of abercromby by colvin smith on returning from the continent , abercromby expressed a strong preference for the military profession , and a cornet 's commission was accordingly obtained for him ( march 1756 ) in the 3rd dragoon guards .
278argent1PERSON alexander abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) caption : coat of arms of ralph abercromby notes supporters granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant proper escutcheon argent a chevron indented gules between three boars ’ heads erased azure armed or and langued sable in the middle chief point a crescent vert .
279hms abercrombie1PERSON three ships have been named hms abercrombie after the general but using the variant spelling of his name .
280regime1SITUATION under instructions from dundas , abercromby 's predecessor , sir adam williamson , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the french colonists of saint domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists william wilberforce and thomas clarkson .
281mr moir1PERSON abercromby 's education was begun by a private tutor , then continued at the school of mr moir in alloa , then considered one of the best in scotland despite its jacobite leanings .
282general robert abercromby1PERSON his younger brothers include the advocate alexander abercromby , lord abercromby and general robert abercromby .
283treaty1ARTIFACT british rule was formalized under the treaty of amiens ( 1802 ) .
284naval gun1PERSON part of the french losses were caused by the gunboats which lay close inshore and cannonaded the left flank of the french columns , and by a heavy naval gun which was placed in battery near the position of 28 march .
285lieutenant1PERSON branch british army years of service 1756-1801 rank lieutenant general battles / wars *
286general charles o'hara1PERSON general charles o'hara in gibraltar was pleased with the appointment , for while stuart had been hot-tempered and difficult to work with , abercromby was " a reasonable , considerate good soldier , and listens with temper and patience to every proposal made to him " .
287gerrard lake1PERSON abercromby was replaced in ireland by gerrard lake who favoured an aggressive approach in putting down the rebellion , as opposed to abercromby 's attempts at conciliation .
288lawyer1PERSON he was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of george abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the abercromby family of birkenbog , aberdeenshire and mary dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of ralph dundas of manour , perthshire .
289withdrawal1PROCESS during the 1794 withdrawal to holland , he commanded the allied forces in the action at boxtel and was wounded directing operations at fort st andries on the waal .
290abolitionists william wilberforce1PERSON under instructions from dundas , abercromby 's predecessor , sir adam williamson , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the french colonists of saint domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists william wilberforce and thomas clarkson .
291diplomat1PERSON for his grandson , the diplomat , see ralph abercromby , 2nd baron dunfermline .
292pension1INSTANCE his widow was created baroness abercromby of tullibody and aboukir bay , and a pension of £2,000 a year was settled on her and her two successors in the title .
293requisite supplies1AMOUNT his experience in the netherlands and the west indies particularly fitted him for this new command , as was proved when he carried his army in health , in spirits , and with the requisite supplies to the destined scene of action despite great difficulties .
294lieutenant colonel dickens1PERSON he marched his troops near to the insurgent base at vigie ridge and camped nearby as the british started to execute an encircling movement : quartermaster general john knox manoeuvred his men on the seaward side in order to prevent the enemy retreating north , and lieutenant colonel dickens used the 34th regiment as a diversion on the opposite side .
295sabre1LIGHT the 42nd , twice charged by cavalry , had but 13 men wounded by the sabre .
296vert1PERSON alexander abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) caption : coat of arms of ralph abercromby notes supporters granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant proper escutcheon argent a chevron indented gules between three boars ’ heads erased azure armed or and langued sable in the middle chief point a crescent vert .
297role1ROLE a medallion commemorating the british capture of trinidad in 1797 a medallion commemorating abercromby for his role in the capture of trinidad abercromby returned to europe and , in reward for his services , was appointed colonel of the 2nd ( royal north british )
298superintendent1HEAD superintendent of marines at bombay .
299instructions1COMMAND under instructions from dundas , abercromby 's predecessor , sir adam williamson , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the french colonists of saint domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists william wilberforce and thomas clarkson .
300anglo spanish war1EVENT
301august lieutenant governor1PERSON that same month he had been made a knight of the bath and in august lieutenant governor of the isle of wight - a reward for his services but also possibly an incentive to lead the army in the caribbean .
302leeward1PERSON the appointment of abercromby as commander-in-chief of the leeward and windward islands was officially announced on 5 august .
303laws1ACT trinidad thus became a british crown colony , with a french-speaking population of catholic faith and spanish laws .
304british outposts1FORCE french forces attacked and drove in the british outposts .
305portuguese1UNKNOWN the portuguese , concerned that they were under threat from spain , requested british support and wanted abercromby to lead their army .
306bocas1PLACE his squadron sailed through the bocas and anchored off the coast of chaguaramas .
307march abercromby1PERSON
308cross fire1FIRE “ general lanusse saw that general valentin had left the seashore , and was within the re-entering angle of the redoubt and the roman camp , where the cross fire of the enemy held him back .
309jacobite leanings1UNKNOWN abercromby 's education was begun by a private tutor , then continued at the school of mr moir in alloa , then considered one of the best in scotland despite its jacobite leanings .
310lieutenant colonel1PERSON he marched his troops near to the insurgent base at vigie ridge and camped nearby as the british started to execute an encircling movement : quartermaster general john knox manoeuvred his men on the seaward side in order to prevent the enemy retreating north , and lieutenant colonel dickens used the 34th regiment as a diversion on the opposite side .
311highlander1PERSON during the attack of roize 's second line , abercromby was briefly captured by french dragoons , but quickly rescued by a highlander of the 42nd .
312counter attack1EVENT
313west indies campaign1PLACE seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
314statesman1PERSON to quote the biographic entry in the 1888 encyclopædia britannica , " e laboured to maintain the discipline of the army , to suppress the rising rebellion , and to protect the people from military oppression , with the care worthy of a great general and an enlightened and beneficent statesman .
315spot1PERSON general lanusse marched to this spot , encouraged the men , and made them advance .
316commons1UNKNOWN by a vote of the house of commons , a monument was erected in abercromby 's honour in st paul 's cathedral in london .
317moore1PERSON a force of around 4,000 was left to hold saint lucia under the command of colonel john moore before abercromby left for saint vincent at the beginning of june .
318view1PERSON he completed his studies at leipzig university in germany from autumn 1754 , taking more detailed studies in civil law with a view to a career as an advocate .
319infantry1UNIT irish infantry .
320sir ralph abercromby kb sir ralph abercromby1PERSON sir ralph abercromby kb sir ralph abercromby , by john hoppner born ( 1734-10-07)7 october 1734 menstrie , clackmannanshire died 28 march 1801( 1801-03-28 ) ( aged 66 )
321ann1PERSON family on 17 november 1767 , abercromby married mary anne , daughter of john menzies and ann , daughter of patrick campbell .
322saint vincent june1PERIOD
323ships1SHIP three ships have been named hms abercrombie after the general but using the variant spelling of his name .
324convention1ARTIFACT the expedition ended with the signing of the convention of alkmaar in which the anglo-russian force was allowed to withdraw .
325july1PERIOD in july 1795 , abercromby was nominated by secretary of state for war henry dundas to lead an expedition to the west indies .
326reserve division1PROCESS the line faced generally south-west towards the city , the reserve division under major-general sir john moore .
327ideas1ACT he served with his regiment in the seven years ' war , and thus , the opportunity afforded him of studying the methods of frederick the great , which moulded his military character and formed his tactical ideas .
328azure1PERSON alexander abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) caption : coat of arms of ralph abercromby notes supporters granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant proper escutcheon argent a chevron indented gules between three boars ’ heads erased azure armed or and langued sable in the middle chief point a crescent vert .
329abercromby left1PERSON a force of around 4,000 was left to hold saint lucia under the command of colonel john moore before abercromby left for saint vincent at the beginning of june .
330spirit1STATE abercromby 's old friend and commander , the duke of york , paid tribute to abercromby 's memory in general orders : " his steady observance of discipline , his ever-watchful attention to the health and wants of his troops , the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career , the splendour of his actions in the field and the heroism of his death , are worthy the imitation of all who desire , like him , a life of heroism and a death of glory . "
331birkenbog1UNKNOWN he was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of george abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the abercromby family of birkenbog , aberdeenshire and mary dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of ralph dundas of manour , perthshire .
332abercromby family1HUMAN GROUP he was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of george abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the abercromby family of birkenbog , aberdeenshire and mary dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of ralph dundas of manour , perthshire .
333anne abercromby1PERSON anne abercromby ( born 21 september 1768 and died october 1832 ) married donald cameron , 22nd chief of clan cameron .
334franco dutch army inland1PERSON
335james abercromby1PERSON sir john abercromby ( 1772-1817 ) * james abercromby , 1st baron dunfermline ( 1776-1858 ) * lt.-col .
336morne fortune1PERSON the french were soon repelled and retreated to the fort at morne fortune , which abercromby decided to besiege .
337brothers1PERSON his younger brothers include the advocate alexander abercromby , lord abercromby and general robert abercromby .
338signing1PERSON the expedition ended with the signing of the convention of alkmaar in which the anglo-russian force was allowed to withdraw .
339end1UNKNOWN about this time he received a bullet wound to the thigh which would eventually prove fatal , though he remained on the field and in command to the end .
340quarters1EVENT rampon 's renewed infantry attack on the centre was repulsed by the guards brigade , supported by coote 's brigade , and the left wing maintained its position with ease , but the french cavalry for the second time came to close quarters with the reserve .
341minorca regiment1HUMAN GROUP regiment of foot , together with stuart 's minorca regiment .
342base1PERSON he marched his troops near to the insurgent base at vigie ridge and camped nearby as the british started to execute an encircling movement : quartermaster general john knox manoeuvred his men on the seaward side in order to prevent the enemy retreating north , and lieutenant colonel dickens used the 34th regiment as a diversion on the opposite side .
343chaguaramas1UNKNOWN his squadron sailed through the bocas and anchored off the coast of chaguaramas .
344textbook1COMMAND abercromby conducted a textbook amphibious landing at callantsoog establishing a beachhead and driving the franco-dutch army inland at krabbendam .
345jungle1PLACE the british took around 200 prisoners , with another 200 escaping into the jungle .
346mandora1UNKNOWN seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
347orangist uprising1ACT the expected orangist uprising in the north holland peninsula never materialized and allies withdrew to their original positions .
348memory1EVENT abercromby 's old friend and commander , the duke of york , paid tribute to abercromby 's memory in general orders : " his steady observance of discipline , his ever-watchful attention to the health and wants of his troops , the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career , the splendour of his actions in the field and the heroism of his death , are worthy the imitation of all who desire , like him , a life of heroism and a death of glory . "
349clackmannanshire lieutenant general sir ralph abercromby1PERSON
350paid tribute1ACT abercromby 's old friend and commander , the duke of york , paid tribute to abercromby 's memory in general orders : " his steady observance of discipline , his ever-watchful attention to the health and wants of his troops , the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career , the splendour of his actions in the field and the heroism of his death , are worthy the imitation of all who desire , like him , a life of heroism and a death of glory . "
351austrians1UNKNOWN thereafter , he was to receive a further 6,000 men to assist the austrians .
352knox1PERSON he marched his troops near to the insurgent base at vigie ridge and camped nearby as the british started to execute an encircling movement : quartermaster general john knox manoeuvred his men on the seaward side in order to prevent the enemy retreating north , and lieutenant colonel dickens used the 34th regiment as a diversion on the opposite side .
353settlements1GROUP afterwards , abercromby secured possession of the settlements of demerara and essequibo in south america .
354successors1PERSON his widow was created baroness abercromby of tullibody and aboukir bay , and a pension of £2,000 a year was settled on her and her two successors in the title .
355gun boat1BOAT
356children1PERSON they had seven children .
357reverse1PORTION however , with the duke of york now in overall command anglo-russian fortunes turned sour following the reverse at castricum .
358debarkation1UNKNOWN the debarkation of the troops at aboukir , in the face of strenuous opposition , is justly ranked among the most daring and brilliant exploits of the british army .
359st john1PERSON he was buried on st john 's bastion within fort saint elmo in valletta , malta .
360earl1PERSON he took the unusual step of publicly criticising the command of his predecessor , the 2nd earl of carhampton , for bequeathing an army " in a state of licentiousness , which must render it formidable to everyone but the enemy " .
361garrison1PERSON the garrison under general goyrand surrendered to the british army 26 may .
362support1POSITION finding that ( he ) received no adequate support from the head of the irish government and that all his efforts were opposed and thwarted by those who presided in the councils of ireland , he resigned the command .
363spanish governor chacón1PLACE the spanish governor chacón decided to capitulate without fighting .
364wars1EVENT branch british army years of service 1756-1801 rank lieutenant-general battles / wars *
365volant1UNKNOWN alexander abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) caption : coat of arms of ralph abercromby notes supporters granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant proper escutcheon argent a chevron indented gules between three boars ’ heads erased azure armed or and langued sable in the middle chief point a crescent vert .
366battle abercromby1PERSON during the action of the battle abercromby was struck by a musket-ball in the thigh ; but not until the battle had been won and he saw the enemy retreating did he allow himself to be relieved of command so he could receive medical aid .
367enkhuizen1UNKNOWN the high watermark of british success came when a squadron of the dutch fleet then surrendered and the anglo-russian army advanced through north holland capturing the cities of hoorn , enkhuizen and medemblik .
368descendant1RESULT he was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of george abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the abercromby family of birkenbog , aberdeenshire and mary dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of ralph dundas of manour , perthshire .
369persevering1ACTIVITY abercromby 's old friend and commander , the duke of york , paid tribute to abercromby 's memory in general orders : " his steady observance of discipline , his ever-watchful attention to the health and wants of his troops , the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career , the splendour of his actions in the field and the heroism of his death , are worthy the imitation of all who desire , like him , a life of heroism and a death of glory . "
370boars1PERSON alexander abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) caption : coat of arms of ralph abercromby notes supporters granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant proper escutcheon argent a chevron indented gules between three boars ’ heads erased azure armed or and langued sable in the middle chief point a crescent vert .
371tullibody house1PLACE the family had acquired menstrie castle in 1719 but their main family house was the nearby tullibody house which they had built around 1700 .
372fort st andries1PERSON during the 1794 withdrawal to holland , he commanded the allied forces in the action at boxtel and was wounded directing operations at fort st andries on the waal .
373aboukir bay1PLACE his widow was created baroness abercromby of tullibody and aboukir bay , and a pension of £2,000 a year was settled on her and her two successors in the title .
374monuments1SIGN some public monuments of valletta 1800-1955
375dow1PERSON seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
376barbados1PLACE abercromby arrived in carlisle bay , barbados on the arethusa .
377disposal1PERSON a third of the 6,000 troops that had arrived on the island before him had already been sent on to saint vincent and grenada , leaving the general with 3,700 soldiers at his disposal .
378north gloucestershire1PLACE the brunt of the attack fell upon moore 's command , and in particular upon the 28th ( north gloucestershire )
379agreement1AGREEMENT under instructions from dundas , abercromby 's predecessor , sir adam williamson , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the french colonists of saint domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists william wilberforce and thomas clarkson .
380minorca june1PERIOD
381lieutenant general1PERSON rising to the rank of lieutenant general in the british army , he also served as the commander-in-chief , ireland and was noted for his military service during the french revolutionary wars , which included defeating the french invasion of egypt and syria .
382family house1PLACE the family had acquired menstrie castle in 1719 but their main family house was the nearby tullibody house which they had built around 1700 .
383carlisle bay1PERSON abercromby arrived in carlisle bay , barbados on the arethusa .
384warburg1PERSON seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
385work member1PERSON other work member of parliament governor of trinidad lord lieutenant of clackmannanshire lieutenant-general sir ralph abercromby , kb ( 7 october 1734 - 28 march 1801 ) was a british army officer , politician and colonial administrator who served as the governor of trinidad in 1797 .
386infantry attack1EVENT rampon 's renewed infantry attack on the centre was repulsed by the guards brigade , supported by coote 's brigade , and the left wing maintained its position with ease , but the french cavalry for the second time came to close quarters with the reserve .
387head1HEAD finding that ( he ) received no adequate support from the head of the irish government and that all his efforts were opposed and thwarted by those who presided in the councils of ireland , he resigned the command .
388rule1RULE british rule was formalized under the treaty of amiens ( 1802 ) .
389life ralph abercromby1PERSON
390months1PERIOD three months later abercromby arrived with further reinforcements and attacked fédon 's camp on 19 june , routing the insurgents and ending the rebellion .
391commission1INSTANCE career 1852 portrait of abercromby by colvin smith on returning from the continent , abercromby expressed a strong preference for the military profession , and a cornet 's commission was accordingly obtained for him ( march 1756 ) in the 3rd dragoon guards .
392american1PLACE abercromby was a strong supporter of the american cause in the american revolutionary war and chose to serve in ireland , where british military regiments were stationed year-round to discourage rebellion , to prevent his being forced to fight in north america .
393point1PLACE alexander abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) caption : coat of arms of ralph abercromby notes supporters granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant proper escutcheon argent a chevron indented gules between three boars ’ heads erased azure armed or and langued sable in the middle chief point a crescent vert .
394or collar1PLACE on either side , a greyhound per fess argent and or collar and line gules charged on the shoulder with a thistle proper .
395works1UNKNOWN motto vive ut vivas popular culture numerous works have been written about abercromby .
396jamaica1PLACE under instructions from dundas , abercromby 's predecessor , sir adam williamson , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the french colonists of saint domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists william wilberforce and thomas clarkson .
397power1POWER he used his utmost efforts to restore the discipline of an army that was utterly disorganized ; and , as a first step , he anxiously endeavoured to protect the people by re-establishing the supremacy of the civil power , and not allowing the military to be called out , except when it was indispensably necessary for the enforcement of the law and the maintenance of order .
398gibraltar1PLACE general charles o'hara in gibraltar was pleased with the appointment , for while stuart had been hot-tempered and difficult to work with , abercromby was " a reasonable , considerate good soldier , and listens with temper and patience to every proposal made to him " .
399diversion1SEQUENCE he marched his troops near to the insurgent base at vigie ridge and camped nearby as the british started to execute an encircling movement : quartermaster general john knox manoeuvred his men on the seaward side in order to prevent the enemy retreating north , and lieutenant colonel dickens used the 34th regiment as a diversion on the opposite side .
400spirits1STATE his experience in the netherlands and the west indies particularly fitted him for this new command , as was proved when he carried his army in health , in spirits , and with the requisite supplies to the destined scene of action despite great difficulties .
401leipzig university1INSTITUTION he completed his studies at leipzig university in germany from autumn 1754 , taking more detailed studies in civil law with a view to a career as an advocate .
402british army may1PERIOD
403lake1PERSON abercromby was replaced in ireland by gerrard lake who favoured an aggressive approach in putting down the rebellion , as opposed to abercromby 's attempts at conciliation .
404bath1PLACE that same month he had been made a knight of the bath and in august lieutenant governor of the isle of wight - a reward for his services but also possibly an incentive to lead the army in the caribbean .
405fort1PERSON alexandria , ottoman egypt buried fort saint elmo , valletta 35°54′10″n 14°31′12″e / 35.90278°n 14.52000°e / 35.90278 ; 14.52000 allegiance kingdom of great britain united kingdom
406british government1GOVERNMENT when he was appointed to the command in ireland , an invasion of that country by the french was confidently anticipated by the british government .
407move1PERMISSION under instructions from dundas , abercromby 's predecessor , sir adam williamson , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the french colonists of saint domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists william wilberforce and thomas clarkson .
408listens1INSTANCE general charles o'hara in gibraltar was pleased with the appointment , for while stuart had been hot-tempered and difficult to work with , abercromby was " a reasonable , considerate good soldier , and listens with temper and patience to every proposal made to him " .
409arethusa1PERSON abercromby arrived in carlisle bay , barbados on the arethusa .
410weather1NUMBER however , delays caused by the weather meant that the situation in italy had changed drastically by the time that abercromby reached minorca 22 june .
411philosophy1DISCIPLINE there he studied moral and natural philosophy and civil law , and was regarded by his professors as sound rather than brilliant .
412menou1PERSON menou had arrived from cairo and was determined to defeat the british advance .
413period1PERIOD after holding for a short period the office of commander-in-chief in scotland , abercromby was again called to command under the duke of york in the 1799 anglo-russian expedition against the napoleonic dutch republic .
414fight1MATERIAL abercromby was a strong supporter of the american cause in the american revolutionary war and chose to serve in ireland , where british military regiments were stationed year-round to discourage rebellion , to prevent his being forced to fight in north america .
415command anglo russian fortunes1PERSON
416war henry dundas1PERSON in july 1795 , abercromby was nominated by secretary of state for war henry dundas to lead an expedition to the west indies .
417scottish highlands1PLACE he was also made lieutenant-governor of the isle of wight , governor of fort george and fort augustus in the scottish highlands , and promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general .
418positions1POSITION the expected orangist uprising in the north holland peninsula never materialized and allies withdrew to their original positions .
419licentiousness1PROPERTY he took the unusual step of publicly criticising the command of his predecessor , the 2nd earl of carhampton , for bequeathing an army " in a state of licentiousness , which must render it formidable to everyone but the enemy " .
420mortification1PROCESS the ball could not be extracted ; mortification ensued , and seven days later , on 28 march 1801 , he died .
421powis1PERSON catherine abercromby ( born 4 december 1780 and died 1841 ) , married on 31 december 1811 to thomas buchanan of powis ( d. 1842 )
422inland1PERSON abercromby conducted a textbook amphibious landing at callantsoog establishing a beachhead and driving the franco-dutch army inland at krabbendam .
423isthmus1PERSON on 20 march , the british forces extended across the isthmus , the right wing resting upon the ruins of nicopolis and the sea , the left on the lake of abukir .
424service rank lieutenant general battles1PERSON
425surrender1ACT the black french commander , marinier , signed terms of surrender on 11 june and the caribs did 4 days later .
426activities1ACTIVITY the austrian plan was that abercromby could create a distraction from the activities of general michael von melas in north italy by landing at various points on the italian coast .
427results1RESULT his departure from ireland was deeply lamented by the reflecting portion of the people , and was speedily followed by those disastrous results which he had anticipated , and which he so ardently desired and had so wisely endeavoured to prevent . "
428windward islands1PLACE the appointment of abercromby as commander-in-chief of the leeward and windward islands was officially announced on 5 august .
429duty1MONEY when france declared war against great britain in 1793 , abercromby returned to active duty .
430abercromby square1PLACE abercromby place in edinburgh 's new town and abercromby square in liverpool are named in his honour .
431change1UNKNOWN before he could leave for portugal to inspect their defences and army , the resignation of general charles stuart in the mediterranean in april led to a change of plans .
432ballad1SOUND the ballad song " the banks of the nile " , perhaps most notably recorded by sandy
433preference1CONDITION career 1852 portrait of abercromby by colvin smith on returning from the continent , abercromby expressed a strong preference for the military profession , and a cornet 's commission was accordingly obtained for him ( march 1756 ) in the 3rd dragoon guards .
434left wing1PERSON rampon 's renewed infantry attack on the centre was repulsed by the guards brigade , supported by coote 's brigade , and the left wing maintained its position with ease , but the french cavalry for the second time came to close quarters with the reserve .
435gallantry1PERSON moving forward rapidly with great gallantry from the left , lanusse launched the attack with valentin 's brigade in column along the seashore , and to their right silly 's brigade against the british entrenchments around the roman ruins .
436philip james de loutherbourg1PERSON battle of alexandria , 1801 main article : battle of alexandria ( 1801 ) the battle of alexandria , 21 march 1801 by philip james de loutherbourg .
437defences1ACTION before he could leave for portugal to inspect their defences and army , the resignation of general charles stuart in the mediterranean in april led to a change of plans .
438angle1PERSON “ general lanusse saw that general valentin had left the seashore , and was within the re-entering angle of the redoubt and the roman camp , where the cross fire of the enemy held him back .
439victory1PERSON the battle was won and was a great victory , with menou forced to retreat to the city of alexandria .
440grandson1PERSON for his grandson , the diplomat , see ralph abercromby , 2nd baron dunfermline .
441conciliation1PROCESS abercromby was replaced in ireland by gerrard lake who favoured an aggressive approach in putting down the rebellion , as opposed to abercromby 's attempts at conciliation .
442north italy1PLACE the austrian plan was that abercromby could create a distraction from the activities of general michael von melas in north italy by landing at various points on the italian coast .
443germany1PLACE he completed his studies at leipzig university in germany from autumn 1754 , taking more detailed studies in civil law with a view to a career as an advocate .
444nicopolis1UNKNOWN on 20 march , the british forces extended across the isthmus , the right wing resting upon the ruins of nicopolis and the sea , the left on the lake of abukir .
445major general sir john moore1PERSON
446representatives1EVENT under instructions from dundas , abercromby 's predecessor , sir adam williamson , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the french colonists of saint domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists william wilberforce and thomas clarkson .
447member1PERSON other work member of parliament governor of trinidad lord lieutenant of clackmannanshire lieutenant-general sir ralph abercromby , kb ( 7 october 1734 - 28 march 1801 ) was a british army officer , politician and colonial administrator who served as the governor of trinidad in 1797 .
448population1PERSON trinidad thus became a british crown colony , with a french-speaking population of catholic faith and spanish laws .
449general abercrombie1PERSON there is also another ' general abercrombie ' pub with his portrait by john hoppner as the sign off of the blackfriars bridge road in london .
450incentive1RESOURCE that same month he had been made a knight of the bath and in august lieutenant governor of the isle of wight - a reward for his services but also possibly an incentive to lead the army in the caribbean .
451name1NAME three ships have been named hms abercrombie after the general but using the variant spelling of his name .
452patience1EVENT general charles o'hara in gibraltar was pleased with the appointment , for while stuart had been hot-tempered and difficult to work with , abercromby was " a reasonable , considerate good soldier , and listens with temper and patience to every proposal made to him " .
453cornet1UNIT career 1852 portrait of abercromby by colvin smith on returning from the continent , abercromby expressed a strong preference for the military profession , and a cornet 's commission was accordingly obtained for him ( march 1756 ) in the 3rd dragoon guards .
454officers1PERSON although some of the caribs would remain in resistance until october , the rebellion had effectively been put down at the cost of 17 officers and 168 men killed or wounded .
455main article1ARTICLE battle of alexandria , 1801 main article : battle of alexandria ( 1801 ) the battle of alexandria , 21 march 1801 by philip james de loutherbourg .
456general michael von melas1PERSON the austrian plan was that abercromby could create a distraction from the activities of general michael von melas in north italy by landing at various points on the italian coast .
457instruction1COMMAND abercromby received instruction from london to send 2,500-3,000 men to take french-occupied malta .
458gunboats1UNKNOWN part of the french losses were caused by the gunboats which lay close inshore and cannonaded the left flank of the french columns , and by a heavy naval gun which was placed in battery near the position of 28 march .
459threat1PERSON the portuguese , concerned that they were under threat from spain , requested british support and wanted abercromby to lead their army .
460enforcement1EVENT he used his utmost efforts to restore the discipline of an army that was utterly disorganized ; and , as a first step , he anxiously endeavoured to protect the people by re-establishing the supremacy of the civil power , and not allowing the military to be called out , except when it was indispensably necessary for the enforcement of the law and the maintenance of order .
461splendour1UNKNOWN abercromby 's old friend and commander , the duke of york , paid tribute to abercromby 's memory in general orders : " his steady observance of discipline , his ever-watchful attention to the health and wants of his troops , the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career , the splendour of his actions in the field and the heroism of his death , are worthy the imitation of all who desire , like him , a life of heroism and a death of glory . "
462great1UNKNOWN for his great grandson , see ralph abercromby ( meteorologist ) .
463monument1SIGN monument at st paul 's cathedral
464career portrait1PERSON
465marinier1PERSON the black french commander , marinier , signed terms of surrender on 11 june and the caribs did 4 days later .
466coote1PERSON rampon 's renewed infantry attack on the centre was repulsed by the guards brigade , supported by coote 's brigade , and the left wing maintained its position with ease , but the french cavalry for the second time came to close quarters with the reserve .
467observance1RULE abercromby 's old friend and commander , the duke of york , paid tribute to abercromby 's memory in general orders : " his steady observance of discipline , his ever-watchful attention to the health and wants of his troops , the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career , the splendour of his actions in the field and the heroism of his death , are worthy the imitation of all who desire , like him , a life of heroism and a death of glory . "
468country1PLACE when he was appointed to the command in ireland , an invasion of that country by the french was confidently anticipated by the british government .
469death death1EVENT death death of sir ralph abercromby at the battle of alexandria by thomas stothard abercromby is buried in st .
470maintenance1PERSON he used his utmost efforts to restore the discipline of an army that was utterly disorganized ; and , as a first step , he anxiously endeavoured to protect the people by re-establishing the supremacy of the civil power , and not allowing the military to be called out , except when it was indispensably necessary for the enforcement of the law and the maintenance of order .
471temper1UNKNOWN general charles o'hara in gibraltar was pleased with the appointment , for while stuart had been hot-tempered and difficult to work with , abercromby was " a reasonable , considerate good soldier , and listens with temper and patience to every proposal made to him " .
472midst1PLACE control of much of saint vincent had been lost to rebelling french planters and native caribs since early 1795 , while grenada was in the midst of an insurrection led by julien fédon .
473dutch fleet1PERSON the high watermark of british success came when a squadron of the dutch fleet then surrendered and the anglo-russian army advanced through north holland capturing the cities of hoorn , enkhuizen and medemblik .
474latter1UNKNOWN much of ralph 's childhood was spent in the latter .
475operations1FORCE during the 1794 withdrawal to holland , he commanded the allied forces in the action at boxtel and was wounded directing operations at fort st andries on the waal .
476advocate1PERSON his younger brothers include the advocate alexander abercromby , lord abercromby and general robert abercromby .
477grades1UNKNOWN abercromby rose through the intermediate grades to the rank of lieutenant-colonel of the regiment ( 1773 ) and brevet colonel in 1780 , and in 1781 , he became colonel of the newly raised king 's
478john1PERSON sir ralph abercromby kb sir ralph abercromby , by john hoppner born ( 1734-10-07)7 october 1734 menstrie , clackmannanshire died 28 march 1801( 1801-03-28 ) ( aged 66 )
479grenadiers1UNKNOWN the worthy general was hit in the thigh by a ball from a gun-boat ; four grenadiers tried to carry him off , but a second ball killed two of these brave fellows ” .
480great britain1PLACE alexandria , ottoman egypt buried fort saint elmo , valletta 35°54′10″n 14°31′12″e / 35.90278°n 14.52000°e / 35.90278 ; 14.52000 allegiance kingdom of great britain united kingdom
481regiments1UNIT abercromby was a strong supporter of the american cause in the american revolutionary war and chose to serve in ireland , where british military regiments were stationed year-round to discourage rebellion , to prevent his being forced to fight in north america .
482hammock1EVENT he was eventually borne from the field in a hammock , cheered by the blessings of the soldiers as he passed , and conveyed on board the flag-ship hms foudroyant which was moored in the harbour .
483brilliant1PERSON his strategies are ranked amongst the most daring and brilliant exploits of the british army .
484irish rebellion1PERSON seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
485plans1PLAN general abercromby reviewing battle plans , by john downman
486ease1PERMISSION rampon 's renewed infantry attack on the centre was repulsed by the guards brigade , supported by coote 's brigade , and the left wing maintained its position with ease , but the french cavalry for the second time came to close quarters with the reserve .
487orders1GARMENT abercromby 's old friend and commander , the duke of york , paid tribute to abercromby 's memory in general orders : " his steady observance of discipline , his ever-watchful attention to the health and wants of his troops , the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career , the splendour of his actions in the field and the heroism of his death , are worthy the imitation of all who desire , like him , a life of heroism and a death of glory . "
488austrian1PERSON the austrian plan was that abercromby could create a distraction from the activities of general michael von melas in north italy by landing at various points on the italian coast .
489communications1UNKNOWN knox was able to cut off communications with the vigie , whilst dickens ousted the nearby caribs to complete the encirclement .
490situation1SITUATION however , delays caused by the weather meant that the situation in italy had changed drastically by the time that abercromby reached minorca 22 june .
491relations alexander abercromby1PERSON seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
492delays1UNKNOWN however , delays caused by the weather meant that the situation in italy had changed drastically by the time that abercromby reached minorca 22 june .
493beginning1PORTION a force of around 4,000 was left to hold saint lucia under the command of colonel john moore before abercromby left for saint vincent at the beginning of june .
494rutlandshire1PLACE regiment of foot and 58th ( rutlandshire )
495general hon1PERSON they had one son . * george abercromby , 2nd baron abercromby ( 1770-1843 ) * general hon .
496friend1PERSON abercromby 's old friend and commander , the duke of york , paid tribute to abercromby 's memory in general orders : " his steady observance of discipline , his ever-watchful attention to the health and wants of his troops , the persevering and unconquerable spirit which marked his military career , the splendour of his actions in the field and the heroism of his death , are worthy the imitation of all who desire , like him , a life of heroism and a death of glory . "
497port1PLACE the reinforcements to grenada allowed general nicolls to attack enemy posts south of port royal on 25 march , preventing further french reinforcements from guadeloupe .
498everyone1UNKNOWN he took the unusual step of publicly criticising the command of his predecessor , the 2nd earl of carhampton , for bequeathing an army " in a state of licentiousness , which must render it formidable to everyone but the enemy " .
499mary anne1UNKNOWN family on 17 november 1767 , abercromby married mary anne , daughter of john menzies and ann , daughter of patrick campbell .
500reasonable1UNKNOWN general charles o'hara in gibraltar was pleased with the appointment , for while stuart had been hot-tempered and difficult to work with , abercromby was " a reasonable , considerate good soldier , and listens with temper and patience to every proposal made to him " .
501trinidad abercromby1PERSON a medallion commemorating the british capture of trinidad in 1797 a medallion commemorating abercromby for his role in the capture of trinidad abercromby returned to europe and , in reward for his services , was appointed colonel of the 2nd ( royal north british )
502entry1PERSON to quote the biographic entry in the 1888 encyclopædia britannica , " e laboured to maintain the discipline of the army , to suppress the rising rebellion , and to protect the people from military oppression , with the care worthy of a great general and an enlightened and beneficent statesman .
503sir robert abercromby1PERSON seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
504reserve1PERSON the line faced generally south-west towards the city , the reserve division under major-general sir john moore .
505title1ESTATE his widow was created baroness abercromby of tullibody and aboukir bay , and a pension of £2,000 a year was settled on her and her two successors in the title .
506portugal1PLACE before he could leave for portugal to inspect their defences and army , the resignation of general charles stuart in the mediterranean in april led to a change of plans .
507third1RESULT a third of the 6,000 troops that had arrived on the island before him had already been sent on to saint vincent and grenada , leaving the general with 3,700 soldiers at his disposal .
508trinidad lord lieutenant1PERSON other work member of parliament governor of trinidad lord lieutenant of clackmannanshire lieutenant-general sir ralph abercromby , kb ( 7 october 1734 - 28 march 1801 ) was a british army officer , politician and colonial administrator who served as the governor of trinidad in 1797 .
509anglo russian army1HUMAN GROUP
510fierce1PERSON a major assault on the port of san juan , puerto rico , in april 1797 failed after fierce fighting where both sides suffered heavy losses .
511american revolutionary war1EVENT abercromby was a strong supporter of the american cause in the american revolutionary war and chose to serve in ireland , where british military regiments were stationed year-round to discourage rebellion , to prevent his being forced to fight in north america .
512fort augustus1PERSON he was also made lieutenant-governor of the isle of wight , governor of fort george and fort augustus in the scottish highlands , and promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general .
513redoubt1STATE “ general lanusse saw that general valentin had left the seashore , and was within the re-entering angle of the redoubt and the roman camp , where the cross fire of the enemy held him back .
514october menstrie1UNKNOWN
515parliament governor1PERSON other work member of parliament governor of trinidad lord lieutenant of clackmannanshire lieutenant-general sir ralph abercromby , kb ( 7 october 1734 - 28 march 1801 ) was a british army officer , politician and colonial administrator who served as the governor of trinidad in 1797 .
516opportunity1OPPORTUNITY he served with his regiment in the seven years ' war , and thus , the opportunity afforded him of studying the methods of frederick the great , which moulded his military character and formed his tactical ideas .
517john downman1PERSON general abercromby reviewing battle plans , by john downman
518great grandson1PERSON
519ralph dundas1PERSON he was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of george abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the abercromby family of birkenbog , aberdeenshire and mary dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of ralph dundas of manour , perthshire .
520banks1PERSON the ballad song " the banks of the nile " , perhaps most notably recorded by sandy
521greyhound1ALCOHOLIC DRINK on either side , a greyhound per fess argent and or collar and line gules charged on the shoulder with a thistle proper .
522thomas buchanan1PERSON catherine abercromby ( born 4 december 1780 and died 1841 ) , married on 31 december 1811 to thomas buchanan of powis ( d. 1842 )
523general charles stuart1PERSON before he could leave for portugal to inspect their defences and army , the resignation of general charles stuart in the mediterranean in april led to a change of plans .
524british support1POSITION the portuguese , concerned that they were under threat from spain , requested british support and wanted abercromby to lead their army .
525baron abercromby1PERSON they had one son . * george abercromby , 2nd baron abercromby ( 1770-1843 ) * general hon .
526mixed race colonists1PART
527marines1PERSON superintendent of marines at bombay .
528wall1PERSON the adjacent curtain wall linking this bastion to the fortifications of valletta , originally called santa ubaldesca curtain , was also renamed abercrombie 's curtain .
529vote1ACT by a vote of the house of commons , a monument was erected in abercromby 's honour in st paul 's cathedral in london .
530tutor1INSTITUTION abercromby 's education was begun by a private tutor , then continued at the school of mr moir in alloa , then considered one of the best in scotland despite its jacobite leanings .
531january crest1PERSON
532departure1EVENT his departure from ireland was deeply lamented by the reflecting portion of the people , and was speedily followed by those disastrous results which he had anticipated , and which he so ardently desired and had so wisely endeavoured to prevent . "
533movement1HUMAN GROUP he marched his troops near to the insurgent base at vigie ridge and camped nearby as the british started to execute an encircling movement : quartermaster general john knox manoeuvred his men on the seaward side in order to prevent the enemy retreating north , and lieutenant colonel dickens used the 34th regiment as a diversion on the opposite side .
534year1PERIOD abercromby was a strong supporter of the american cause in the american revolutionary war and chose to serve in ireland , where british military regiments were stationed year round to discourage rebellion , to prevent his being forced to fight in north america .
535aid1UNKNOWN during the action of the battle abercromby was struck by a musket-ball in the thigh ; but not until the battle had been won and he saw the enemy retreating did he allow himself to be relieved of command so he could receive medical aid .
536sir adam williamson1PERSON under instructions from dundas , abercromby 's predecessor , sir adam williamson , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the french colonists of saint domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists william wilberforce and thomas clarkson .
537care worthy1PERSON to quote the biographic entry in the 1888 encyclopædia britannica , " e laboured to maintain the discipline of the army , to suppress the rising rebellion , and to protect the people from military oppression , with the care worthy of a great general and an enlightened and beneficent statesman .
538cairo1PLACE menou had arrived from cairo and was determined to defeat the british advance .
539john hoppner born1PERSON sir ralph abercromby kb sir ralph abercromby , by john hoppner born ( 1734-10-07)7 october 1734 menstrie , clackmannanshire died 28 march 1801( 1801-03-28 ) ( aged 66 )
540perthshire1PLACE he was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of george abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the abercromby family of birkenbog , aberdeenshire and mary dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of ralph dundas of manour , perthshire .
541proposal1ABSTRACT ENTITY general charles o'hara in gibraltar was pleased with the appointment , for while stuart had been hot-tempered and difficult to work with , abercromby was " a reasonable , considerate good soldier , and listens with temper and patience to every proposal made to him " .
542profession1ACTIVITY career 1852 portrait of abercromby by colvin smith on returning from the continent , abercromby expressed a strong preference for the military profession , and a cornet 's commission was accordingly obtained for him ( march 1756 ) in the 3rd dragoon guards .
543clan cameron1PERSON anne abercromby ( born 21 september 1768 and died october 1832 ) married donald cameron , 22nd chief of clan cameron .
544chief1POSITION rising to the rank of lieutenant general in the british army , he also served as the commander-in chief , ireland and was noted for his military service during the french revolutionary wars , which included defeating the french invasion of egypt and syria .
545waal1UNKNOWN during the 1794 withdrawal to holland , he commanded the allied forces in the action at boxtel and was wounded directing operations at fort st andries on the waal .
546great britain united kingdom branch british army years1PERIOD
547soldier1UNKNOWN general charles o'hara in gibraltar was pleased with the appointment , for while stuart had been hot-tempered and difficult to work with , abercromby was " a reasonable , considerate good soldier , and listens with temper and patience to every proposal made to him " .
548british regiments1UNIT other british regiments engaged were the 23rd regiment of foot , 40th ( the 2nd somersetshire )
549british success1ACT the high watermark of british success came when a squadron of the dutch fleet then surrendered and the anglo-russian army advanced through north holland capturing the cities of hoorn , enkhuizen and medemblik .
550battle plans1PERSON general abercromby reviewing battle plans , by john downman
551night attack1EVENT abercromby anticipated a night attack , so the british slept in position under arms .
552office1PLACE after holding for a short period the office of commander-in-chief in scotland , abercromby was again called to command under the duke of york in the 1799 anglo-russian expedition against the napoleonic dutch republic .
553board1FORM he was eventually borne from the field in a hammock , cheered by the blessings of the soldiers as he passed , and conveyed on board the flag-ship hms foudroyant which was moored in the harbour .
554colonel john moore1PERSON a force of around 4,000 was left to hold saint lucia under the command of colonel john moore before abercromby left for saint vincent at the beginning of june .
555alkmaar1PLACE the expedition ended with the signing of the convention of alkmaar in which the anglo-russian force was allowed to withdraw .
556ottoman egypt1PLACE alexandria , ottoman egypt buried fort saint elmo , valletta 35°54′10″n 14°31′12″e / 35.90278°n 14.52000°e / 35.90278 ; 14.52000 allegiance kingdom of great britain united kingdom
557carhampton1UNKNOWN he took the unusual step of publicly criticising the command of his predecessor , the 2nd earl of carhampton , for bequeathing an army " in a state of licentiousness , which must render it formidable to everyone but the enemy " .
558insurgents1PERSON three months later abercromby arrived with further reinforcements and attacked fédon 's camp on 19 june , routing the insurgents and ending the rebellion .
559mary abercromby1PERSON mary abercromby ( born 19 august 1773 and died 26 april 1825 ) * hon .
560demerara1UNKNOWN afterwards , abercromby secured possession of the settlements of demerara and essequibo in south america .
561south america1PLACE afterwards , abercromby secured possession of the settlements of demerara and essequibo in south america .
562british entrenchments1PROCESS moving forward rapidly with great gallantry from the left , lanusse launched the attack with valentin 's brigade in column along the seashore , and to their right silly 's brigade against the british entrenchments around the roman ruins .
563ralph abercromby notes supporters1PERSON alexander abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) caption : coat of arms of ralph abercromby notes supporters granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant proper escutcheon argent a chevron indented gules between three boars ’ heads erased azure armed or and langued sable in the middle chief point a crescent vert .
564baroness abercromby1PERSON his widow was created baroness abercromby of tullibody and aboukir bay , and a pension of £2,000 a year was settled on her and her two successors in the title .
565manour1UNKNOWN he was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of george abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the abercromby family of birkenbog , aberdeenshire and mary dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of ralph dundas of manour , perthshire .
566port royal1PERSON the reinforcements to grenada allowed general nicolls to attack enemy posts south of port royal on 25 march , preventing further french reinforcements from guadeloupe .
567september1PERIOD anne abercromby ( born 21 september 1768 and died october 1832 ) married donald cameron , 22nd chief of clan cameron .
568sea1PLACE on 20 march , the british forces extended across the isthmus , the right wing resting upon the ruins of nicopolis and the sea , the left on the lake of abukir .
569government1GOVERNMENT when he was appointed to the command in ireland , an invasion of that country by the french was confidently anticipated by the british government .
570discrimination1ABILITY under instructions from dundas , abercromby 's predecessor , sir adam williamson , the lieutenant-governor of jamaica , had signed an agreement with representatives of the french colonists of saint domingue that promised to restore the ancien regime , slavery and discrimination against mixed-race colonists , a move that drew criticism from abolitionists william wilberforce and thomas clarkson .
571family1HUMAN GROUP he was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of george abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the abercromby family of birkenbog , aberdeenshire and mary dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of ralph dundas of manour , perthshire .
572education1PROCESS abercromby 's education was begun by a private tutor , then continued at the school of mr moir in alloa , then considered one of the best in scotland despite its jacobite leanings .
573sits1EVENT abercromby sits mortally wounded in the painting 's centre .
574councils1BODY finding that ( he ) received no adequate support from the head of the irish government and that all his efforts were opposed and thwarted by those who presided in the councils of ireland , he resigned the command .
575guadeloupe1PERSON the reinforcements to grenada allowed general nicolls to attack enemy posts south of port royal on 25 march , preventing further french reinforcements from guadeloupe .
576royal north british1PERSON a medallion commemorating the british capture of trinidad in 1797 a medallion commemorating abercromby for his role in the capture of trinidad abercromby returned to europe and , in reward for his services , was appointed colonel of the 2nd ( royal north british )
577portion1PORTION his departure from ireland was deeply lamented by the reflecting portion of the people , and was speedily followed by those disastrous results which he had anticipated , and which he so ardently desired and had so wisely endeavoured to prevent . "
578dragoon guards1PERSON career 1852 portrait of abercromby by colvin smith on returning from the continent , abercromby expressed a strong preference for the military profession , and a cornet 's commission was accordingly obtained for him ( march 1756 ) in the 3rd dragoon guards .
579resignation1ACT before he could leave for portugal to inspect their defences and army , the resignation of general charles stuart in the mediterranean in april led to a change of plans .
580opposition1PERSON the debarkation of the troops at aboukir , in the face of strenuous opposition , is justly ranked among the most daring and brilliant exploits of the british army .
581rugby school1INSTITUTION ralph attended rugby school from 12 june 1748 , where he remained until he was 18 .
582north holland peninsula1PLACE the expected orangist uprising in the north holland peninsula never materialized and allies withdrew to their original positions .
583saint lucia1PERSON the british fleet sailed on 25 april 1796 for saint lucia , landing the following day and establishing a beachhead .
584fortifications1INCREASE the adjacent curtain wall linking this bastion to the fortifications of valletta , originally called santa ubaldesca curtain , was also renamed abercrombie 's curtain .
585somersetshire1PLACE other british regiments engaged were the 23rd regiment of foot , 40th ( the 2nd somersetshire )
586flag ship hms foudroyant1PERSON
587insurrection1ACTION control of much of saint vincent had been lost to rebelling french planters and native caribs since early 1795 , while grenada was in the midst of an insurrection led by julien fédon .
588supremacy1PERSON he used his utmost efforts to restore the discipline of an army that was utterly disorganized ; and , as a first step , he anxiously endeavoured to protect the people by re-establishing the supremacy of the civil power , and not allowing the military to be called out , except when it was indispensably necessary for the enforcement of the law and the maintenance of order .
589quartermaster general john knox1PERSON he marched his troops near to the insurgent base at vigie ridge and camped nearby as the british started to execute an encircling movement : quartermaster general john knox manoeuvred his men on the seaward side in order to prevent the enemy retreating north , and lieutenant colonel dickens used the 34th regiment as a diversion on the opposite side .
590nile1PERSON the ballad song " the banks of the nile " , perhaps most notably recorded by sandy
591professors1UNKNOWN there he studied moral and natural philosophy and civil law , and was regarded by his professors as sound rather than brilliant .
592europe1PLACE a medallion commemorating the british capture of trinidad in 1797 a medallion commemorating abercromby for his role in the capture of trinidad abercromby returned to europe and , in reward for his services , was appointed colonel of the 2nd ( royal north british )
593watermark1SOFTWARE the high watermark of british success came when a squadron of the dutch fleet then surrendered and the anglo-russian army advanced through north holland capturing the cities of hoorn , enkhuizen and medemblik .
594west german campaign1PLACE seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
595columns1BODY part of the french losses were caused by the gunboats which lay close inshore and cannonaded the left flank of the french columns , and by a heavy naval gun which was placed in battery near the position of 28 march .
596life1EVENT early life
597spain1PLACE the portuguese , concerned that they were under threat from spain , requested british support and wanted abercromby to lead their army .
598face1PORTION the debarkation of the troops at aboukir , in the face of strenuous opposition , is justly ranked among the most daring and brilliant exploits of the british army .
599mary dundas1PERSON he was the second ( but eldest surviving ) son of george abercromby ( 1705-1800 ) , a lawyer and descendant of the abercromby family of birkenbog , aberdeenshire and mary dundas ( died 1767 ) , daughter of ralph dundas of manour , perthshire .
600catherine abercromby1PERSON catherine abercromby ( born 4 december 1780 and died 1841 ) , married on 31 december 1811 to thomas buchanan of powis ( d. 1842 )
601amiens1PLACE british rule was formalized under the treaty of amiens ( 1802 ) .
602roize1UNKNOWN during the attack of roize 's second line , abercromby was briefly captured by french dragoons , but quickly rescued by a highlander of the 42nd .
603flanders campaign1OCCURRENCE seven years ' war + west german campaign o battle of warburg * french revolutionary wars + flanders campaign + west indies campaign + fédon 's rebellion + anglo-spanish war o battle of san juan + anglo-russian invasion of holland o battle of callantsoog o battle of krabbendam o battle of castricum + irish rebellion of 1798 + french campaign in egypt and syria o battle of aboukir o battle of mandora o battle of alexandria ( dow ) relations alexander abercromby , lord abercromby ( brother ) sir robert abercromby ( brother )
604colour1COLOUR a confused fight ensued in the ruins , in which the french troops were all either killed or captured with the 42nd taking their colour .
605harbour1PERSON he was eventually borne from the field in a hammock , cheered by the blessings of the soldiers as he passed , and conveyed on board the flag-ship hms foudroyant which was moored in the harbour .
606terms1TERM the black french commander , marinier , signed terms of surrender on 11 june and the caribs did 4 days later .
607painting1ACTION abercromby sits mortally wounded in the painting 's centre .
608vigie1UNKNOWN he marched his troops near to the insurgent base at vigie ridge and camped nearby as the british started to execute an encircling movement : quartermaster general john knox manoeuvred his men on the seaward side in order to prevent the enemy retreating north , and lieutenant colonel dickens used the 34th regiment as a diversion on the opposite side .
609blackfriars bridge road1PLACE there is also another ' general abercrombie ' pub with his portrait by john hoppner as the sign off of the blackfriars bridge road in london .
610points1UNKNOWN the austrian plan was that abercromby could create a distraction from the activities of general michael von melas in north italy by landing at various points on the italian coast .
611attempts1ACTION abercromby was replaced in ireland by gerrard lake who favoured an aggressive approach in putting down the rebellion , as opposed to abercromby 's attempts at conciliation .
612planters1MACHINE control of much of saint vincent had been lost to rebelling french planters and native caribs since early 1795 , while grenada was in the midst of an insurrection led by julien fédon .
613liverpool1PLACE abercromby place in edinburgh 's new town and abercromby square in liverpool are named in his honour .
614coat1ACTION alexander abercromby ( 1784-1853 ) caption : coat of arms of ralph abercromby notes supporters granted 30 january 1798 crest a bee volant proper escutcheon argent a chevron indented gules between three boars ’ heads erased azure armed or and langued sable in the middle chief point a crescent vert .
615british fleet1PERSON the british fleet sailed on 25 april 1796 for saint lucia , landing the following day and establishing a beachhead .
616sides1ENTITY a major assault on the port of san juan , puerto rico , in april 1797 failed after fierce fighting where both sides suffered heavy losses .
617oppression1EVENT to quote the biographic entry in the 1888 encyclopædia britannica , " e laboured to maintain the discipline of the army , to suppress the rising rebellion , and to protect the people from military oppression , with the care worthy of a great general and an enlightened and beneficent statesman .
618king1PERSON abercromby rose through the intermediate grades to the rank of lieutenant-colonel of the regiment ( 1773 ) and brevet colonel in 1780 , and in 1781 , he became colonel of the newly raised king 's
619brunt1ENTITY the brunt of the attack fell upon moore 's command , and in particular upon the 28th ( north gloucestershire )
620north america1PLACE abercromby was a strong supporter of the american cause in the american revolutionary war and chose to serve in ireland , where british military regiments were stationed year-round to discourage rebellion , to prevent his being forced to fight in north america .
621resistance1PERSON although some of the caribs would remain in resistance until october , the rebellion had effectively been put down at the cost of 17 officers and 168 men killed or wounded .
622patrick campbell1PERSON family on 17 november 1767 , abercromby married mary anne , daughter of john menzies and ann , daughter of patrick campbell .
623sir john abercromby1PERSON sir john abercromby ( 1772-1817 ) * james abercromby , 1st baron dunfermline ( 1776-1858 ) * lt.-col .
624vigie ridge1PERSON he marched his troops near to the insurgent base at vigie ridge and camped nearby as the british started to execute an encircling movement : quartermaster general john knox manoeuvred his men on the seaward side in order to prevent the enemy retreating north , and lieutenant colonel dickens used the 34th regiment as a diversion on the opposite side .

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